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MEDSCI 142 > Lab 2 - Human Brain > Flashcards

Lab 2 - Human Brain Flashcards

1
Q

lateral ventricle

A

inside is choroid plexus

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2
Q

choroid plexus

A

makes CSF

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3
Q

CSF function

A
  • protects
  • nutrients
  • removing waste
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4
Q

thalamus

A

relay station for sensory input
- 2 halves connected by intermediate mass

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5
Q

parieto-occipital sulcus

A

groove separating parietal and occipital lobes

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6
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

limbic system (emotions)

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7
Q

oculomotor nerves

A
  • movement of eyes
  • one of many cranial nerves
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8
Q

mammilary body

A

olfactory reflex

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9
Q

pituitary

A

secretes hormones

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10
Q

hypothalamus

A
  • homeostasis
  • control hormone release from pituitary
  • control autonomic nervous system
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11
Q

corpus callosum

A
  • commissural fibres (white myelinated axons)
  • left <-> right
  • white matter
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12
Q

types of fibres

A

1) commissural fibres
2) association fibres
3) projection fibres

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13
Q

commissural fibres

A

between hemispheres (left/right)
- e.g corpus callosum, anterior/posterior commissure

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14
Q

association fibres

A

front (anterior)/back (posterior)
- e.g arcuate fasciculus

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15
Q

projection fibres

A

up (superior)/down (inferior)
ascending/descending
- e.g internal capsule

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16
Q

descending projection fibres

A
  • efferent fibres
  • exit brain
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17
Q

ascending projection fibres

A
  • afferent fibres
  • to the brain
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18
Q

four landmarks

A
  • lateral fissure
  • preoccipital notch
  • end of parieto/occipital sulcus
  • central sulcus
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19
Q

forebrain: superficial part of hemispheres

A
  • cortex
  • corpus callosum
  • parieto-occipital sulcus
  • calcarine sulcus
  • primary visual cortex
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20
Q

forebrain: diencephalon

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • pituitary gland
  • third ventricle
  • mammillary bodies
21
Q

primary visual cortex

A

centred on calcarine sulcus

22
Q

third ventricle

A

ventricle of diencephalon

23
Q

midbrain

A

primitive “reflex” area
- superior/inferior colliculi
- cerebral aqueduct
- cerebral peduncles

24
Q

superior/inferior colliculi

A

have minor role in
- controlling eye movements (superior => sight reflex)
- movements related to auditory stimuli (inferior => sound reflex)

25
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

link 3rd and 4th ventricles
CSF

26
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

thick white matter tracts
- corticospinal fibres (cortex -> spine)
- corticopontine fibres (cortex -> pons)

27
Q

hindbrain

A
  • cerebellum
  • pons
  • medulla
  • fourth ventricle
28
Q

cerebellum

A

motor centre which coordinates movements
- balance + smoothing movement
- IPSILATERAL (same side) - cerebral cortex is contralateral

29
Q

pons

A

carries
- commissural fibres
- corticospinal fibres
- nuclei of cranial nerves
contains both white/grey matter
bridge between two halves of cerebellum

30
Q

medulla

A

carries
- projection fibres
- corticospinal fibres (pyramids)
- cranial nerve nuclei
- grey matter controlling breathing and heart (cardio and respiratory centres)

31
Q

brainstem damage

A

may cause total respiratory/cardiovascular failure as respiratory/cardiovascular centres are in medulla

32
Q

brainstem components

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla
33
Q

3 gyri that lead up to precentral gyrus in frontal lobe

A

1) superior frontal gyrus
2) middle frontal gyrus
3) inferior frontal gyrus

34
Q

primary functional areas

A

occur in both hemispheres and contralateral
send/receive info
- primary motor
- primary somatosensory
- primary auditory cortex
- primary visual cortex

35
Q

secondary (association) areas

A

interpret/plan
language-related that only occur in dominant hemisphere:
- exner’s
- broca’s
- wernicke’s
- SMAGLA

36
Q

exner’s area

A

control hand movements for writing
- premotor area of hand

37
Q

broca’s speech area

A

controls larynx and tongue for speech
- plans movement of muscles involved in speech
- inferior frontal gyrus

38
Q

wernicke’s speech area

A

main processing centre for spoken language
- associated with primary auditory cortex where info received by 1º auditory cortex is interpreted/processed by this

39
Q

supramarginal and angular gyri

A

interprets visual symbols as written words/language

40
Q

speech (broca’s)/hearing (wernicke’s) - conduct response

A

1º motor cortex

41
Q

speech (broca’s)/hearing (wernicke’s) - feedback

A

1º auditory cortex
- hear what you said again

42
Q

reading (supramarginal gyrus)/writing (angular gyrus) - receive input

A

1º visual cortex

43
Q

reading (supramarginal gyrus)/writing (angular gyrus) - understand

A

SMAGLA

44
Q

reading (supramarginal gyrus)/writing (angular gyrus) - plan response

A

exner’s

45
Q

reading (supramarginal gyrus)/writing (angular gyrus) - feedback

A

1º visual cortex

46
Q

striatum

A

putamen + caudate nucleus

47
Q

globus pallidus

A
  • paler than putamen
  • internal/external segments
48
Q

putamen

A

darkly stained

49
Q

substantia nigra

A
  • absent in severe parkinson’s disease patients
  • dopamine producing cells are what naturally stain it dark

MEDSCI 142 (8 decks)

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