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MEDSCI 142 > Lab 3 - Sheep Heart > Flashcards

Lab 3 - Sheep Heart Flashcards

1
Q

link between pulmonary trunk and aorta

A

adult: ligamentum arteriosum (fibrous bridge)
fetus: ductus arteriosus (carried blood from pulm trunk to aorta)

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2
Q

flap between LA and RA

A

adult: fossa ovalis
fetus: foramen ovale

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3
Q

visceral pericardium

A

aka epicardium
- can’t move around (stuck to heart)
- made of mesothelial cells

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4
Q

appearance of fat

A
  • at body temp. (37º): snotty
  • out of body: hard
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5
Q

appearance of diaphragm

A
  • muscular (dark red)
  • hard
  • fibrous
  • different to rats
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6
Q

thin walls =>

A

low pressure

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7
Q

head orientation

A

cranial

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8
Q

tail orientation

A

caudal

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9
Q

bellyside orientation

A

ventral

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10
Q

backside of body orientation

A

dorsal

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11
Q

frontside on horizontal plane

A

anterior

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12
Q

backside on horizontal plan

A

posterior

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13
Q

pulmonary trunk

A
  • most ventral great artery
  • thick, rubbery/elastic, opaque (cream-coloured)
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14
Q

left anterior vena cava

A
  • blood from head + forelegs (+ right anterior vena cava)
  • several cardiac veins drain into here
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15
Q

posterior vena cava

A

blood from hind legs

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16
Q

right atrium shape in humans vs sheep

A

humans: vertical/ long
sheep: horizontal

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17
Q

great vein appearance

A

almost invisible as the thin and membranous walls have collapsed after death

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18
Q

clues for orientation

A

1) pulmonary trunk
- only in ventral view
2) interventricular sulcus
- present/absence (lateral)
- diagonal (ventral)
- vertical (dorsal)
3) apex/LV
- left (dorsal)
- right (ventral)
4) shape of heart
- flat on dorsal
- round on ventral
5) auricle
- sit/flop in ventrally

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19
Q

blood always goes

A

DOWN pressure gradient

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20
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A
  • provide for forearm/limbs + head
  • first trunk of aorta
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21
Q

why did the ductus arteriosus close

A

after birth due to smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction) + oxygen meaning blood to lungs (less resistance)

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22
Q

pressure in right atrium

A

~5 mm Hg
- low pressure system (lung circulation)

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23
Q

two parts of atria

A

1) main part: smooth internal wall for laminar flow (no turbulance/loss of energy)
2) atrial appendage (auricle): trabeculated for 3D flow/contraction
- different origins in developing embryo

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24
Q

pressure in left atrium

A

~8 mm Hg

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25
Q

LV:RV thickness ratio

A

3:1

26
Q

LV:RV pressure ratio

A

5:1

27
Q

pressure in LV

A

(0-8) - 120 mm Hg

28
Q

pressure in RV

A

(0-5) - 27 mm Hg

29
Q

moderator band

A
  • red
  • made of muscle not CT
  • contains Purkinje (modified cardiac muscle) fibres
  • shortcut as too late for electrical signal to go to last papillary
30
Q

tricuspid valve

A

soft and transparent but strong

31
Q

chordae tendineae

A

heart strings
- tough white connective tissue cords

32
Q

why does LV not have a moderator band

A

more extensive purkinje network + larger/stronger papillary/chordae tendineae as LV must withstand more pressure to prevent valve inversion
+ LV more trabeculated than RV

33
Q

heart sounds

A

due to turbulance of blood not flaps clapping together
- first sound: heard near apex
- second sound: heard near base

34
Q

pulmonary valve

A

3 semilunar valves/flaps

35
Q

flaps of mitral valve are

A

larger than tricuspid valve flaps

36
Q

mitral valve during diastole

A

open
- chordae tendineae: loose
- papillary muscle: relaxed

37
Q

mitral valve during systole

A

closed
- chordae tendineae: tight
- papillary muscle: contracted

38
Q

infarction (dead tissue) near papillary muscle =>

A

papillary muscle doesn’t contract
=> chordae tendineae relaxed
=> valve doesn’t close
=> blood -> atria not aorta
=> heart attack

39
Q

aortic valve during systole

A

open + cover coronary ostea => blood can’t enter

40
Q

coronary ostea

A

opening to coronary arteries

41
Q

aortic valve during diastole

A

close + blood enter coronary artery

42
Q

coronary arteries

A

supply heart

43
Q

cardiac veins

A
  • drain deoxygenated blood into RA (flow into left anterior vena cava)
  • pinprick holes/pores on wall of RA
44
Q

fossa ovalis

A
  • translucent membrane in interatrial septum
  • remnant of foramen ovale
45
Q

foramen ovale

A
  • allows blood to cross from RA to LA
  • flap on the left side of septum
46
Q

closure of foramen ovale

A

at birth: increased LA volume => increased LA pressure and when LA P > RA P => flap closed => sealed by connective tissue growth around edges

47
Q

first heart sound is due to closure of

A

mitral/tricuspid valves

48
Q

second heart sound is due to closure of

A

aortic/pulmonary valves

49
Q

consequences of rupture of papillary muscle

A

inlet valve doesn’t close properly => blood flows back into atria

50
Q

potential cause of papillary muscle rupture

A

ischemia => insufficient oxygen/blood flow => myocardial infarction

51
Q

ischemia

A

lack of blood to tissues in blood

52
Q

why do outlet valves not require chordae tendineae

A

cusps remain stable due to cusp shape (semilunar) when valve closes

53
Q

blood through ductus arteriosus

A

90% of blood due to low resistance

54
Q

blood through lung capillaries in fetus

A

10% of blood
- lung not functioning
- surrounded by amniotic fluid => high resistance => hard for RBC to flow through
- only small amount of blood for lung growth

55
Q

ductus arteriosus

A
  • large fetal vessel
  • carried blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta
56
Q

blood through lung capillaries in adults

A

100% of blood
- air in lungs => drastically decrease resistance to blood flow

57
Q

if ductus arteriosus doesn’t close properly

A

blood shunted into pulmonary trunk since aortic P > pulmonary trunk P => more blood to lungs, less to body

58
Q

if foramen ovale doesn’t close

A

blood goes from LA -> RA => more blood to lungs, less to body

59
Q

interventricular septum

A

made of muscular tissue

60
Q

patent

A

open/unobstructed vessel; failing to close

MEDSCI 142 (8 decks)

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