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Religious Education > SENECCA HOMEWORK > Flashcards

SENECCA HOMEWORK Flashcards

1
Q

The Incarnation

A

Roman Catholics believe that Jesus is God made man. This is known as the incarnation.

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2
Q

God made man

A

The idea that Jesus is God made man is a central Catholic belief.
‘The name ‘Jesus’ signifies that the very name of God is present in the person of the Son, made man…’ (CCC 432)
There are some Christians who argue that the incarnation is a myth (a story that, whilst not literally true, is designed to communicate a truth).
They say it is impossible for a person to be both God and human.
This is rejected by the Catholic Church.

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3
Q

Fully human, fully divine

A

Jesus is the second person of the Trinity, God the Son, but born of a human mother, Mary.
This was achieved by the power of the Holy Spirit.
Jesus was both fully human and fully divine, so he was able to feel what humans feel, including fear and pain.
Because Jesus is God, his teachings are believed to come from God.
Because he is God, his sacrifice at the crucifixion is seen as an act of atonement (the reconciliation of God and humanity by making amends for wrongdoing) that takes away sins.

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4
Q

God the Father

A

God the Father is the father of Jesus, and Joseph is looked upon as Jesus’ foster father.
After his death and resurrection, Jesus ascended back to heaven to sit at God the Father’s right hand.
Jesus’ resurrection is seen as proof of his divine nature and also that there is life after death.
God the Father sent the Angel Gabriel to tell Mary she would conceive the Son of God (Luke 1:36ff), and also confirmed Jesus as his son at the baptism (Luke 3:21-22) and at the Transfiguration (Luke 9:34-36).

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5
Q

For Catholics, ‘Jesus’ means that God, in the person of the Son, is made man.

A
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6
Q

The Logos

A

In Christian theology, Jesus is often referred to as the Logos, which is Greek for ‘word’.

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7
Q

The ‘word’

A

Jesus is often referred to as ‘the word’ or the Logos.

This refers to the idea that Jesus was the fulfilment of revelation but also the word of God at the moment of creation.

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8
Q

The ‘word’

The Logos in the Bible

It is Catholic belief there is a great deal of evidence in the Bible to support the idea that Jesus was ‘the Word’.
Just as Jesus spoke the word of God in his earthly ministry, he is believed to be the Word spoken by God in the act of creation in Genesis 1.
‘In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.’ [John 1:1-3 NIV]

The Word in John

A
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9
Q

The Logos in the Bible

A

It is Catholic belief there is a great deal of evidence in the Bible to support the idea that Jesus was ‘the Word’.
Just as Jesus spoke the word of God in his earthly ministry, he is believed to be the Word spoken by God in the act of creation in Genesis 1.
‘In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.’ [John 1:1-3 NIV]

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10
Q

The Word in John

A

‘The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the one and only Son, who came from the father, full of grace and truth.‘ (John 1: 14 NIV)
Because Jesus is the Word of God, he always speaks the truth (John 1:14).

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11
Q

The Word in John’s gospel:

A 
1
'The Word became flesh'
2
The Word was 'full of grace and truth'
3
'In the beginning was the Word'
4
Through the Word 'all things were made'
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12
Q

Which gospel begins by describing Jesus as the Logos?

A

John

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13
Q

The Incarnation in Scripture

A

Catholics and other Christians believe that the idea of Jesus as God made human can be found throughout the Bible.

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14
Q

The prophets

A

The Prophets are believed to have foretold the coming of Jesus, e.g.:
In Isaiah 9:6, the birth of a child who will be called ‘Mighty God’ and ‘Prince of Peace’ is foretold.
Catholics believe that Isaiah 53 foretells the coming of a suffering servant who bears our sin and suffering and so releases us from our wrongdoings.

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15
Q

Son of God

A

Jesus is believed to have confirmed Peter’s belief that Jesus was the Son of God (Matthew 16:15-17).
‘“But what about you?” he asked. “Who do you say I am?” Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.” Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven.”’ (Matthew 16:15-17 NIV)

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16
Q

Son of Man, Son of God

A

In John’s gospel, Jesus describes himself to Nicodemus as the Son of Man and Son of God:
‘“No one has ever gone into heaven except the one who came from heaven—the Son of Man… the Son of Man must be lifted up, that everyone who believes may have eternal life in him.”’ (John 3:13-15 NIV)
‘“For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.”’ (John 3:16 NIV)

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17
Q

God the Father is Jesus’ father - he sent the Angel Gabriel to tell Mary she would conceive, he confirmed Jesus was his son at Jesus’ baptism and again at the Trans-figuration.

A
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18
Q

Monotheism and the Trinity

A

Christians believe there is only one God (monotheism) but that he has revealed himself as three people (the Trinity).

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19
Q

Personal and Ethical Decision Making

A

The example and teaching of Jesus is a source of moral teaching and one used to make decisions for Christians.

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20
Q

Jesus’ teaching

A

The Church sees the teaching of Jesus, found throughout the Gospels, as authoritative.
Jesus is the fulfilment of the Law, which particularly applies to Exodus 20, the Ten Commandments, he is lawgiver.
‘Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished’ (Matthew 5:17).

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21
Q

Natural Law

A

A concept dating back to Aristotle, natural law was formulated from a Christian perspective by St Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century.

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22
Q

What?

A

In the Christian tradition, natural law is a set of unchanging moral principles from God and are what human conduct should be based on.
Thomas Aquinas said that all actions must be in line with two types of virtues, cardinal virtues and theological virtues.
The conscience must also be applied to all action.

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23
Q

What?

A

In the Christian tradition, natural law is a set of unchanging moral principles from God and are what human conduct should be based on.
Thomas Aquinas said that all actions must be in line with two types of virtues, cardinal virtues and theological virtues.
The conscience must also be applied to all action.

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24
Q

Cardinal Virtues

A

Prudence
Justice
Temperance
Fortitude

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25
Q

Theological Virtues

A

Faith
Hope
charity

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26
Q

Conscience

A

Moral conscience is what urges an individual to avoid evil and do good.
Conscience, according to the Catechism is a judgment of reason which allows a person to recognise the moral quality of their actions.
Importantly ‘Conscience enables one to assume responsibility for the acts performed’( CCC1781). -‘When he listens to his conscience, the prudent man can hear God speaking’(CCC1777

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27
Q

The two types of virtues:

A

Theological virtues
The virtues of faith, hope, and charity.

Cardinal virtues
The Virtues of prudence, justice, temperance, and Fortitude.

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28
Q

Who initially formulated Natural Law?

A

ST. Thomas Aquinas

29
Q

Sculpture and Statues in Catholic Churches

A

Many statues are often found in a Catholic church, compared to Protestant churches which do not have statues (due to the belief that they were idols).

30
Q

Idolatry

A

‘You shall not make for yourself an idol in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing love to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my commandments’ (Exodus 20:4-6)

31
Q

The Catechism of the Catholic Church

A

‘Indeed, art is a distinctively human form of expression; beyond the search for the necessities of life which is common to all living creatures, art is a freely given superabundance of the human being’s inner riches. Arising from talent given by the Creator and from man’s own effort, art is a form of practical wisdom, uniting knowledge and skill, to give form to the truth of reality in a language accessible to sight or hearing. To the extent that it is inspired by truth and love of beings, art bears a certain likeness to God’s activity in what he has created. Like any other human activity, art is not an absolute end in itself, but is ordered to and ennobled by the ultimate end of man’ (CCC2501).

32
Q

Sculptures & Statues

A

They are not in themselves worshipped, but provide a focus point for any prayer or reflection.
Often, votive candles are found in front of statues which people light. If it is a statue of a saint, often people pray to the statue in hope that the saint may pray for their needs.

33
Q

What are often used to pray in front of statues?

A

votive candles

34
Q

Statues are not in themselves worshipped but provide a focus point for prayer.

A
35
Q

From which passage of the Bible is the condemnation of Idolatry?

A

Exodus 20:4-6 ‘You shall not make for yourself an idol in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing love to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my commandments’

36
Q

Pilgrimage

A

The definition of a pilgrimage is a journey toward heaven and a special occasion when Christians can renew prayer.

37
Q

The Catechism of the Catholic Church

A

‘Pilgrimages evoke our earthly journey toward heaven and are traditionally very special occasions for renewal in prayer. For pilgrims seeking living water, shrines are special places for living the forms of Christian prayer “in Church.” In prayer, the pilgrim Church is associated with that of the saints, whose intercession she asks’ (CCC 2691-2692).

38
Q

Who?

A

There are pilgrimage sites dedicated to different events and holy figures.
For example, the appearances of Mary, mother of Jesus, now are associated with places such as Walsingham in England and Lourdes in France.

39
Q

The Catechism of the Catholic Church

Who?

Where?

The Gospel of Luke recount Jesus’ pilgrimage to Jerusalem as a child for ‘the Festival of the Passover’ (Luke 2:41 NIV).
The Holy Land is the area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, biblically Israel.
Rome is where the Vatican and the Pope are and acts as the central point of Catholic authority. Rome houses many important sites for Christians, such as the tomb of St Peter.

A
40
Q

Where?

A

The Gospel of Luke recount Jesus’ pilgrimage to Jerusalem as a child for ‘the Festival of the Passover’ (Luke 2:41 NIV).
The Holy Land is the area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, biblically Israel.
Rome is where the Vatican and the Pope are and acts as the central point of Catholic authority. Rome houses many important sites for Christians, such as the tomb of St Peter.

41
Q

A pilgrimage is a Christian journey towards heaven and a special occasion to renew prayer.

A
42
Q

Examples of Pilgrimages

A

There are many places of pilgrimage for Catholics both in the UK and abroad. Some examples are:

43
Q

Pilgrimage to Lourdes

A

Lourdes is a town in South-West France where Catholics believe Mary appeared in the 19th Century.
Catholics also believe this to be a place of healing because of a spring of water that Mary said had healing power.
Many who take part find that it is an occasion of spiritual renewal.

44
Q

What happens during the Lourdes pilgrimage?

A

Many pilgrims at Lourdes are people who are sick and hope for a cure, often by bathing in the water from the spring.
They take part in Mass, processions (sometimes at night with torchlight), and other forms of devotion and prayer.

45
Q

Pilgrimage to Rome

A

Rome, the Capital of Italy, also contains the Vatican City, which is where the Pope lives and is the site of St Peter’s Basilica.
Catholics from all over the world come together in Rome and often say that this strengthens their awareness of the Church being a family of people from all nations.

46
Q

What happens during the Rome pilgrimage?

A

Many Catholics travel to Rome to visit where both St Peter and St Paul were martyred, which they find deepens their faith.
Often, Catholics will also attend an audience given by the Pope in St Peter’s Square.
Many pilgrims visit the catacombs, which are underground burial places where many early Christians were buried in secret.

47
Q

The Holy Land pilgrimage

A

The Holy Land is between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea.
The Holy Land is generally considered to be biblical Israel and historical Palestine and in the present day corresponds to the state of Israel and Palestinian territories, as well as parts of Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.
The Holy Land is considered holy by Christianity, Judaism and Islam and is an important place of pilgrimage as the scene of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus.

48
Q

Key features of the pilgrimage to Lourdes:

A 
1
Many pilgrims are people who are sick and hope for a cure, often by bathing in the water from the spring
2
Mass
3
Processions (sometimes at night with torchlight)
4
Other forms of devotion and prayer
49
Q

A pilgrimage is a journey to a place closely associated with a person’s religion.

A
50
Q

Luke tells us in his Gospel that Jesus went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem when he was a child:

‘Every year Jesus’ parents went to Jerusalem for the Festival of the Passover.’ [Luke 2:41 NIV].

A
51
Q

What name is given to a journey to a place closely associated with a person’s religion?

A

Pilgrimage

52
Q

Sometimes, travel on pilgrimage can involve effort and hardship, and this can be understood as part of the spiritual commitment involved in making the journey.

A
53
Q

‘Every year Jesus’ parents went to Jerusalem for the Festival of the Passover’

A
54
Q

Before travel was as easy as it is today, pilgrimages took much longer and could be dangerous, requiring strong faith to make the journey.

A
55
Q

Many Catholics believe that being present in the holy places brings them a form of spiritual renewal, bringing them closer to God.

‘Pilgrimages evoke our earthly journey towards heaven.’ [CCC 2691]

A
56
Q

In what Gospel do we hear of Jesus’ pilgrimage to Jerusalem as a child?

A

Luke

57
Q

Often pilgrimages are shared with other Catholics, and this coming together can help to strengthen a person’s faith.

A
58
Q

Some places of pilgrimage, such as the Holy Land and Walsingham, are shared with other Christians and can help to unite believers.

A
59
Q

Which Gospel spoke of Jesus’ parents going on a pilgrimage every year?

A

Luke

60
Q

Some Christians would say they do not need to travel on pilgrimages because it is the inner journey towards God that is important.

A
61
Q

What are the advantages of pilgrimages?

A

help unite believers

help strengthen a person’s faith

62
Q

Some people may not be able to go on pilgrimage for personal reasons, and so it is not considered an essential part of the Christian spiritual life.

A
63
Q

Who is the shrine at Lourdes dedicated to?

A

Mary

64
Q

Acts of Popular Piety

A

There is a devotional tradition in the Catholic church towards Jesus, Mary and the communion of saints.Such acts provide a structure for prayer which is not institutionalised.

65
Q

Stations of the Cross

A

The Stations of the Cross are a series of images often found in Catholic churches which depict scenes from the passion and death of Jesus.
These images are how Catholics meditate on the suffering of Jesus, most often during the periods of Lent and Holy Week.
There are 14 Stations of the Cross, for example Jesus carrying his cross and Jesus’ death on the cross.
More recently, some have added a 15th station in order to remind Catholics of the Resurrection of Jesus.
During the Stations of the Cross, there is a reminder of what happened, a silent prayer and then prayers and hymns which are spoken around the image.

66
Q

The Rosary

A

Following the significance of Mary for the Catholic tradition, the rosary is a meditation on the life of Jesus and Mary.
The mysteries (sections of their lives) have been divided up into joyful scenes, sorrowful scene,glorious scenes and more recently the luminous mysteries as added by Pope John Paul II.
The Annunciation is part of the joyful scenes, Mary at the foot of the cross is included in the sorrowful scenes and the glorious scenes include the Ascension (of Mary into heaven).
Catholics usually use a seat of rosary beads to track these prayers, and for each different scene they will say one ‘Our Father’, ten ‘Hail Mary’s’ and one ‘Glory be’.

67
Q

Eucharistic adoration

A

The adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, through Benediction.
Benediction takes place in the evening, in which hymns are also sung before the monstrance.
The monstrance is a special cross which contains a large and consecrated host, surrounded by candles and placed on the altar.
The priest blesses the congregation with the monstrance as he holds it up. The priest will also wear a humeral veil.

68
Q

The monstrance is a special cross which contains a large, consecrated host.

A
69
Q

What do Catholics say for each scene of the Rosary?

A

One our farther
10 hail mary
one glory be

Religious Education (47 decks)

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