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A&P. I > Fundamentals of Anatomy > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A
  1. the largest part of the brain
  2. Controls all conscious thoughts & intellectual functions
  3. Processes somatic sensory & motor info
  4. Gray matter (in cerebral cortex & basal nuclei)
  5. White matter (deep to the cerebral cortex & around the basal nuclei)
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2
Q

What is basal nuclei?

A
  1. Are masses of gray matter
  2. Are embedded in white matter of cerebrum
  3. Direct subconscious activity
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3
Q

General Interpretive area can also be recognized as the?

A

“Wernicke’s area”

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4
Q

Where is the Wernicke’s area located?

A

The wernicke’s area is presents only in ONE hemisphere
(THE LEFT HEMISPHERE)

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5
Q

In which hemisphere it the Wernicke’s area generally located in?

A

The Wernicke’s area is generally present in the left hemisphere

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6
Q

What responsibility does the Wernicke’s area have?

A
  1. It’s responsible for receiving information from all sensory association areas
  2. Coordinates access to complex visual & auditory memories
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7
Q

What occurs when the wernicke’s is damaged?

A

The ability to interpret what is seen/heard

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8
Q

What are other integrative areas of the cerebrum?

A
  1. Broca’s area
  2. Prefrontal cortex
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9
Q

The Broca’s area (speech center) is associated with?
*THINK= BOCA

A
  1. Associated with general imperative area
  2. Coordinates all vocalization function
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10
Q

In the event where the Broca’s is damaged what can occur?

A

Individual’s speech can be impaired

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11
Q

Prefrontal cortex of frontal lobe is responsible for?

A
  1. Integrating info from sensory association areas
  2. Performs abstract intellectual activities (predicting consequences of actions)
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12
Q

What does damage to the prefrontal cortex do to the individual?

A

The damage affects temporal relationships between events

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13
Q

The prefrontal cortex is also important in creating

A

Extensive connections with other cortical areas.

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14
Q

Severe strokes can cause which neurological disorder?

A

Global aphasia
(disorder that affects the ability to speak or read)

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15
Q

Global aphasia is caused by?

A

Damage to the speech and general interpretive area.

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16
Q

The left hemisphere contains which areas?

A

The specialized language area

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17
Q

The prefrontal cortex of each hemisphere is involved with?

A

Conscious intellectual functions

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18
Q

Motor, sensory, and association areas of the cerebral cortex?

A
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19
Q

The frontal lobe main functions

A

Primary motor cortex Voluntary control of skeletal muscles

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20
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Primary sensory cortex
Conscious perception of touch, pressure, pain, vibration, tast, and temperature.

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21
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual cortex
Conscious perception of visual stimuli

22
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory cortex and olfactory cortex
Conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli.

23
Q

ALL LOBES

A

Association areas
Integration & processing of sensory data; processing and initiation of motor activities.

24
Q

What are the functions of the Basal nuclei?

A

Involved with:
1. Subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone
2. The coordination of learned movement patterns (walking/lifting)

25
Q

TRUE/ FALSE:
Does the basal nuclei initiate walking? If no explain why.

A

The basal nuclei DOES NOT initiate walking, BUT it does control arm/thigh movement, and adjust muscle tones.

26
Q

Which structures are found in the cerebrum?

A
  1. Gyri (neural cortex)
  2. Longitudinal fissure
  3. Lobes
  4. Central sulcus
  5. Lateral sulcus
  6. Parieto-occipital sulcus
27
Q

Gyri (function)

A

Increases surface area (# of cortical neurons)

28
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Separate cerebral hemispheres

29
Q

Lobes (functions)

A

Divisions of hemispheres

30
Q

Central sulcus (function)

A

Divides anterior frontal lobe from posterior parietal lobes

31
Q

Lateral sulcus (function)

A

Divides frontal lobe from temporal lobe

32
Q

Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

Divides parietal lobe from occipital lobe.

33
Q

What are the 3 functional principles of the cerebrum?

A
  1. Each cerebral hemisphere receives sensory informations from, and sends motor commands to, the opposite of the body
  2. The two hemispheres have different functions, although their structures are alike
  3. Correspondence between a specific function and a specific region of cerebral cortex is not precise.
34
Q

What is the white matter of the cerebrum?

A
  1. Association fibers
  2. Commissural fibers
  3. Projection fibers
35
Q

Association fibers (WM)

A

Function:
Connections within one hemisphere

36
Q

Commissural fiber (WM)

A

What?
Bands of fibers connecting TWO hemisphere
*Corpus callosum

37
Q

Projection fiber

A

connect cerebrum w/ lower areas
Pass through diencephalon
**Link cerebral cortex with:
diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord.

38
Q

Special sensory cortexes

A
  1. Visual cortex (occipital lobe)
  2. Auditory cortex (temporal lobe)
  3. Olfactory cortex (temporal lobe)
  4. Gustatory cortex (Frontal lobe
39
Q

Visual cortex (occipital lobe)

A

Information from sight receptors (photoreceptors)

40
Q

Auditory cortex (temporal)

A

Information from sound receptors

41
Q

Olfactory cortex

A

Information from odor receptors

42
Q

Gustatory Cortex (think gustavo from ratatouille)

A

Information from taste receptors.

43
Q

Sensory association areas

A

Monitor & interpret arriving information at sensory areas of cortx

44
Q

Somatic sensory association area

A

Interprets input to the primary sensory cortex
(anything that recognizes & responds to touch)

45
Q

Visual association area

A

Interprets activity in visual cortex

46
Q

Auditory association

A

monitors auditory cortex

47
Q

Somatic motor association areas (premotor cortex)

A
  1. Coordinates motor responses (learned movements)
  2. Issues commands to the primary motor cortex
48
Q

What separates the motor and sensory areas of the cortex?

A

The central sulcus separates between motor and sensory areas

49
Q

List what makes up the motor areas of the cortex

A
  1. Precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex of frontal lobe)
    -Directs voluntary movements
50
Q

What makes up the sensory area of the cortex?

A

Is the postcentral gyrus (primary sensory cortex of the parietal lobe)
- Receives somatic sensory info (touch, pain

A&P. I (7 decks)

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