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MyMET > Climatology > Flashcards

Climatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the latitudes 30 degrees north and south?

A

The horse latitudes

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2
Q

What is the name for the ITCZ latitude?

A

The doldrums

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3
Q

What is the name for the 40 and 50 degree latitudes?

A

Roaring forties

Furious fifties

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4
Q

Where do you find the tropical rain climate?

A

Between the equator and 20 degree latitude

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5
Q

Where do you find the dry climate?

A

Between 20 and 40 degrees latitude

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6
Q

Where do you find the mid latitude climate?

A

40 to 70 degrees latitude

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7
Q

Where do you find the sub arctic climate?

A

50 to 70 degrees latitude

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8
Q

Where do you find the snow climate?

A

70 to 90 degrees latitude

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the tropical rain climate?

A
  • Highest annual rainfall of any area on earth
  • Where tropical rainforests are found
  • 2 sub zones - rainforest (0-10 degrees) and savannah (10-20 degrees)
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the tropical rain forest climate?

A
  • 2 rainy seasons (March and September)
  • Temps 25-30 degrees and high humidity
  • Convective clouds and heavy rain
  • Light surface winds (Doldrums)
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11
Q

What are the characteristics of the savannah climate?

A
  • Equatorial rains in summer
  • Dry trade wind conditions
  • Average temp above 18 degrees
  • Dry and wet seasons
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the dry climate?

A
  • Little cloud with little or no precipitation
  • Huge diurnal temp range with frequent inversions
  • 2 sub zones - desert and steppe
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13
Q

What is the difference between the desert and steppe climates?

A
  • Desert has less rain, can go several years without precipitation
  • Steppe has slightly more rainfall and produces low growing vegetation
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the warm temperate zone?

A

Winter - generally mild and wet (colder inland)

Summer - hot and dry, high pressure systems over the Atlantic predominate

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the cool temperate zone?

A

Winter - mild and wet
Summer - cool and dryer
Weather - westerly winds with frequent passage of frontal depression, interspersed with warm temporary anti-cyclones

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the sub arctic climate?

A
  • Dominated by tundra and permafrost
  • Long, dry, cold winter (-20 - -40 degrees)
  • Hot summer (temp variations up to 60 degrees)
  • Average temperature below 0 degrees for most of the year
17
Q

What are the characteristics of the snow climate?

A
  • Extreme seasonal variation
  • Extremely cold winters
  • Periods of constant light and dark
  • Little or no precipitation
18
Q

What’s the monthly rainfall in the tropical rain forest climate?

A

Between 60mm and 2000mm a month

19
Q

What’s the annual rainfall for the tropical monsoon climate?

A

1000mm a year

20
Q

What is the rainfall for the tropical wet and dry savannah?

A

Less than 60mm a month, less than 1000mm a year

21
Q

What are the characteristics of the Hadley cell?

A
  • Air ascends at the equator
  • Rising air spreads polewards
  • Sinks at about 30 degrees latitude creating sub-tropical highs
  • Surface wind moves towards equator
22
Q

What is the weather at the ITCZ?

A

Erratic, tropical showers and thunderstorms

23
Q

What are tropical squall lines?

A

Groups or clusters of Cu/Cb developments, sometimes part of the equatorial trough

24
Q

Where would you find the worst weather on an easterly wave?

A

Convective activity more likely at the rear, eastern side

25
Q

What triggers a monsoon?

A

Large land masses heat up during summer causing intense instability - leads to wet monsoon
Opposite occurs in winter to form dry monsoon

26
Q

What is the Harmattan?

A

Dry, sand laden wind with severe impact on visibility over north east Africa

27
Q

What are the characteristics of the wet monsoon in India?

A
  • Starts in June moving up through the country til mid October
  • Humid climate and torrential rainfall
28
Q

What are the characteristics of the dry monsoon in India?

A
  • Between October and April
  • Cool dry air with little weather
  • Asia around Mongolia and the Himalayas experiences intense cooling
  • Are of high pressure in northern India, dry and poor visibility
29
Q

What is a cold air drop?

A
  • Develops after a cold front has passed
  • Cold air aloft (10000-30000ft)
  • If cold air lies of warm air, very unstable conditions can develop
  • A parcel of cold air sinks into the warm air

MyMET (22 decks)

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