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chem xx > acid and bases > Flashcards

acid and bases Flashcards

1
Q

definition of acids

A

substance that dissociates or ionises to form h+ ions when dissolved in water

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2
Q

acids + metal

A

salt and hydrogen

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3
Q

acid + metal carbonate

A

salt, water, co2

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4
Q

acid + metal oxides/ hydroxides

A

salt and water

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5
Q

why can strong acids conduct electricity

A

dissociate in water to form solutions that can conduct electricity due to the presence of mobile ions that act as mobile charge carriers

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6
Q

definition of a base

A

substance that reacts with an acid to produce salt and water only (+metal oxides & hydroxides)

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7
Q

alkali + acid

A

salt + wwater

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8
Q

alkali + ammonium salt

A

ammonia + water + salt

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9
Q

special characteristic of lead sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate

A

the initial reaction between lead and acid produces a layer of lead XX which are insoluble in water and non porous, and quickly forms a coating around the metal. the coating prevents lead from further reacting with the acid

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10
Q

reaction between acid and alkali

A

neutralisation

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11
Q

acids + sodium sulfite

A

sodium salt + sulfur dioxide + water

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12
Q

test for sulfur dioxide gas

A

place a strip of filter paper soaked in acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution in gas sample, if present, purple-> colourless

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13
Q

test for ammonia

A

moist red litmus -> blue

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14
Q

why slaked lime + ammonium nitrate not used at the same time?

A

ca(oh)2 reacts with nhno3, releasing ammonia gas which escapes from the soil, resulting in a loss of nitrogen from the soil

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15
Q

what is sulfuric acid used for

A

manufacture of fertilisers, detergents

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16
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

cleaning agent

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17
Q

use of magnesium oxide

A

antacid

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18
Q

magnesium hydroxide

A

toothpaste

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19
Q

strength of acid

A

extent to which an acid or base dissociates when dissolves in water

20
Q

ionic compounds as strong electrolytes

A

when they dissolve in water, the cations and OH- ions break apart from the giant ionic lattice structure to move independently and act as mobile charge carriers

21
Q

weak base -> bad conductor of electricity?

A

weak bases only dissociate partially in water, causing them to contain a relatively lower concentration of mobile charge carriers, thus they are weak electrolytes

22
Q

definition of concentration

A

amount of substance dissolved in a fixed volume of solution

23
Q

strength vs concentration

A

strength - extent of dissociation
concentration - amount of solute dissolved in solvent

24
Q

dibasic vs monobasic -> concentration of H+

A

template : Both acids have the same concentration and strength, however, basicity of acid differs. sulphuric acid is a dibasic acid and produces xx concentration of H+ ions, but hbl is a monobasic acid and produces a lower concentration of h+ ions…

25
Q

ph indicators

A

methyl orange ( red - yellow, 3-5)
screened methyl orange (pink - green, 3-5)
thymol blue (yellow - blue, 8-10)
phenolphthalein (colourless - pink, 8-10)

26
Q

types of oxides

A

basic amphoteric acidic neutral

27
Q

basic oxides

A

reacts only with acid to form salt and water
all METAL OXIDES

28
Q

amphoteric oxides

A

react with acid and alkalis to form salt and water
LAZ ( Lead oxide, aluminium oxide, zinc oxide)

29
Q

acidic oxides

A

react with bases to form salt and water
NON METAL POLYOXIDE

30
Q

neutral oxides

A

do not react with an acid or a base
NON METAL MONOXIDE

31
Q

definition of air pollution

A

where air contains a high concentration of chemicals that may harm living things or damage non living things

32
Q

Carbon monoxide is from

A

the incomplete combustion of petrol in car engines

33
Q

sulfur dioxide is from

A

fossil fuels that are burnt, and volcanic eruptions

34
Q

oxides of nitrogen

A

where temp is v high, nitrogen combines with oxygen to from nitrogen monoxide

35
Q

unbury hydrocarbons are from

A

car exhaust fumes and chemical plants

36
Q

effects of CO

A

react with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin, which reduces the ability of haemoglobin to transport o2 to rest of body

causes headaches, fatigue, breathing difficulties, death

37
Q

effects of sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen

A

irritates eyes and lungs, cause breathing difficulties
high levels lead to bronchitis
react with water in atmosphere to form acid rain, corrode buildings and harm aquatic life & plants

38
Q

effects of unburnt hydrocarbons

A

cause cancer
react with nitrogen oxide to form ozone

39
Q

effect of methane

A

green house gas, cause global warming

40
Q

effect of ozone

A

form photochemical smog, irritate eyes and breathing difficulties
damage crops

41
Q

formation of acid rain

A

sulfur dioxide dissolves in water to form sulfurous acid
in the presence of o2 in the air, sulfurous acid is oxidised to sulfuric acid

in the presence of o2 and water, nitrogen dioxide is converted to nitric acid

carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater to form carbonic acid

42
Q

ph of acid rain

A

4 or less

43
Q

effect of acid rain

A

react with metals and carbonates, damage metal structures and stone buildings

leaches nutrients from soil, cause plants to wither and die. react with aluminium hydroxide in soil, produce al3+ ions which are toxic to plants

reduce ph value of natural water bodies to below 4, too acidic for aquatic life to survive

44
Q

catalytic converters

A

3 steps of redox

1) CO oxidised to CO2
2) Oxides of nitrogen are reduced to nitrogen
3) unburnt hydrocarbons are oxidised to co2 and h2o

45
Q

flue gas desulfurisation

A

1) sulfur dioxide passed through plant, react with aq suspension of calcium carbonate to form solid calcium sulfite and co2 gas

2) calcium sulfite further oxidised to calcium sulfate by atmospheric oxygen

[calcium oxide can also be used]

chem xx (9 decks)

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