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anatomy 1-9 > L8: Epithelial tissue > Flashcards

L8: Epithelial tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelium plays an important role in

A

Diffusion
Absorption
Secretion

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2
Q

Tissue is:

A
  • A diverse group of cells
  • With an ordered structure
  • Working together for a common function
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3
Q

4 types of tissue:

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
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4
Q

The basic characteristic of epithelial tissue:

A
  • Covers body surface, lines body cavities
  • form glands (skin, airways, digestive lining, and urinary tract lining)
  • Closely packed cells
  • little extracellular materials
  • Basement membrane
  • Avascular
  • Highly regenerative (using stem cells) (high mitotic activity)
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5
Q

cells in epithelial tissue are joined by….

A

by Specialized cell-to-cell junctions

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6
Q

describe the Basement membrane:

A
  • It’s a non-cellular membrane

- Compromised of polysaccharide-rich membrane

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7
Q

The function of basement membrane:

A
  • Separates epithelium from underlying connective tissue

- Acts as a sieve to prevent materials from entering the body

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8
Q

The key characteristic of epithelial tissue?

A

Avascular

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9
Q

why is the epithelial cell highly regenerative

A

Cells completely lack bloody supply (that’s why they’re highly regenerative)

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10
Q

which is side is the Free surface

A
  • Is the apical side

- Bound to the basolateral side

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11
Q

The function of epithelial tissue:

A
  • Secretion
  • Selective absorption
  • Protection
  • Transcellular transport
  • Detection of sensation
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12
Q

Examples of secretion:

A
  • Digestive tract

- Involved in high secretion activity

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13
Q

Selective absorption:

A
  • First contact with the material

- And allows them to be absorbed

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14
Q

selective absorption is associated with a structure known as

A

microvilli (inc surface area)

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15
Q

the function of Transcellular transport:

A
  • aid the movement of substances from cell-to-cell through a certain distance
  • Ex: mucus
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16
Q

What structure does transcellular transport:

A

cilia

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17
Q

Detection of sensation:

A
  • 1st layer with the outer environment

- To detect sensation along with nerve cells

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18
Q

types/identifications of epithelial tissues:

A
  • 1st through cell shape

- Then layers

19
Q

Cell shape types:

A
  • Squamous (flat)
  • Cuboidal (rectangle)
  • Columnar (very elongated)
20
Q

Surface specialization:

A
  • Keratin
  • Microvilli
  • Cilia
21
Q

Keratin:

A
  • Its a protein for hair

- Composes a thick layer of dead cells as protection around the epidermis

22
Q

Microvilli:

A
  • Inc surface area
  • Absorption
  • Found in intestine
23
Q

Cilia:

A

Involved in motility of substances in the human body

24
Q

type of layers identification of epithelium

A
  • Simple
  • Stratified (multilayer)
  • Pseudostratified
  • Transitional
25
Q

Pseudostratified:

A

Disorganized layering of epithelial tissue that is not simple or stratified

26
Q

Transitional:

A

A huge number of disorganized, disproportionate number of epithelia

27
Q

Transitional is typically found in:

A
  • Urinary bladder

- Why: bc this structure allows the extension & distention of the organ itself

28
Q

Simple squamous make up the:

A
  • Alveoli (air sacs of the lung)
  • The lining of all blood vessels & capillaries (endothelium)
  • Various membranes within the body (peritoneum = area where there’s a lot of exchange)
  • Glomerulus of kidney
29
Q

Does it make sense that simple squamous make up The lining of all blood vessels & capillaries (endothelium)

A
  • Yes
  • Why: bcs the flatter the surface = the simpler & lesser the layers
  • = the more likely it is going to play an important role in facilitating gas exchange
30
Q

Simple cuboidal makes up the:

A
  • Collecting tubules of the
  • kidney
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Thyroid
  • & other glands of the body
    (synthesis of hormones)
31
Q

Simple columnar epithelium ciliated makes up:

A

The lining of the ovary ducts (fallopian tubes)

32
Q

Simple columnar microvilli epithelium with goblet cells makes up:

A
  • The lining of the intestine

- Secretes mucus

33
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium:

A
  • Located in areas of body subjected to abrasion
34
Q

what are the 2 types of Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Keratinizing stratified squamous

non-Keratinizing stratified squamous:

35
Q

where can you find Keratinizing stratified squamous:

A

Skin

36
Q

where can you find non-Keratinizing stratified squamous:

A
  • Tongue
  • Oral mucosa
  • Esophagus
  • Vagina
37
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium found in:

A
  • Sweat glands
  • Salivary glands
  • Ovarian follicles
  • Seminiferous tubules
38
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium secretes:

A
  • Sweat
  • Ovarian hormones
  • Sperm
39
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium are:

A
  • Rare

- Located in the largest ducts of salivary glands (parotid, submandibular)

40
Q

The basal layer in stratified columnar are:

A
  • Cuboidal cells
  • & the layer nearest the apical surface includes columnar cells
  • The large droplets are mucus in goblet cells
41
Q

Epithelia are classified according to

A
  • Cells nearest the lumen

- In stratified columnar case its = columnar

42
Q

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells:

A
  • Makes up = lining of the respiratory tract

- Secretes mucus moves mucus, trap foreign particles

43
Q

Transitional epithelium: (makes up what)

A
  • Makes up: the lining of the urinary bladder & the ureter

- Stratified tissue becomes stretched as the urinary bladder becomes filled with urine (distention)

anatomy 1-9 (9 decks)

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