11.8 test

Question 1

Annexation

Answer 1

Adding to something larger or more important; for example, the annexation of a territory.

Question 2

Acquisition

Answer 2

The act of getting or obtaining something.

Question 3

Affirmative Action

Answer 3

a set of policies and practices designed to increase opportunities for minorities and women to help ensure fair treatment and to address past discrimination.

Question 4

Aggression

Answer 4

Actions performed with intent to harm

Question 5

Amendment

Answer 5

A change in the US Constitution.

Question 6

Appeasement

Answer 6

Giving in to the demands of a hostile nation in order to maintain peace.

Question 7

Arsenal

Answer 7

A collection or storehouse of weapons.

Question 8

Assimilation

Answer 8

The process by which an immigrant becomes part of the American culture and society.

Question 9

Back-to-Africa

Answer 9

Marcus Garvey’s idea based on the concept that African-Americans would never be truly integrated into American society and thus should return to Africa

Question 10

Balanced Budget

Answer 10

A spending plan in which government expenses do not exceed government income.

Question 11

Clear and Present Danger

Answer 11

“Clear and Present Danger” is a principle from the Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States. Justice Holmes ruled that Schenck was guilty of urging draftees to resist World War l.

Question 12

Base (military)

Answer 12

A protected area that holds an army.

Question 13

Big Stick

Answer 13

Theodore Roosevelt expressed his willingness to use military strength, especially the Navy, to enforce US foreign policy and protect US interests overseas.

Question 14

Bill of Rights

Answer 14

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution that describe, for the most part, the civil rights of individuals.

Question 15

Buying on Margin

Answer 15

Purchasing stock with a partial payment.

Question 16

Cabinet

Answer 16

Appointed officials who head government departments and act as advisors to the President.

Question 17

Census

Answer 17

An official counting of the population. The US census is conducted every 10 years; the results are used as a basis for representation in the House of Representatives as well as for certain types of government funding.

Question 18

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 18

excluded Chinese immigration for 10 years and also excluded criminals, the mentally ill, and other persons likely to become a burden to the public

Question 19

Civil Liberties

Answer 19

The freedoms and protections found in the Bill of Rights

Question 20

Civil Rights

Answer 20

Rights guaranteed to citizens of the United States by the Constitution and by the laws of the nation and states.

Question 21

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Answer 21

New Deal agency which provided conservation jobs for young, unemployed men.

Question 22

Desegregation

Answer 22

Ending of the separation of the black and white races.

Question 23

Détente

Answer 23

efforts to ease tensions among rival powers; a reduction in tension or hostility, usually between nations, by means such as treaties, trade agreements, or cultural exchanges.

Question 24

Colonialism

Answer 24

The taking of other lands by a nation for its economic and/or military use.

Question 25

Communism

Answer 25

Economic and political system based on the ownership of property by the community. Under communism, the people lost their individual rights. Everyone has everything equal.

Question 26

Containment

Answer 26

US policy following World War II attempting to prevent the spread of communism in other areas of the world.

Question 27

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 27

president believed in laissez-fair

Question 28

Democracy

Answer 28

A government in which power is held by the people through direct involvement or elected representatives.

Question 29

Dictatorship

Answer 29

Form of government in which the power to govern is held by one person or small group.

Question 30

Dust Bowl

Answer 30

A region in the United States where topsoil was lost by wind erosion in the 1930's.

Question 31

Duke Ellington

Answer 31

Black Jazz and blues artist of the Harlem Renaissance

Question 32

Equal Pay Act

Answer 32

law protected women from being paid less than men for the same work.

Question 33

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 33

Black Americans exhibited great pride in their heritage and creative achievements during the 1920s and 1930s through music, literature, and art.

Question 34

Hoover Blankets

Answer 34

A slang term used during the Depression for the use of newspapers and rags to keep the homeless warm.

Question 35

Hoovervilles

Answer 35

A slang term used to describe the living conditions of those most hurt by the Great Depression. Families who had lost their homes and had no employment were left to construct homes out of discarded timber and cardboard.

Question 36

Langston Hughes

Answer 36

Black writer of the Harlem Renaissance (1920’s) who used jazz and blues themes and rhythms in his poetry. His work speaks to Black pride and the injustice/hurt of discrimination.

Question 37

Gentlemen's Agreement

Answer 37

Japan agreed not to issue passports for laborers seeking work in the United States, in exchange for an end to segregating Asian children.

Question 38

GI Bill

Answer 38

Also known as the Servicemen's Readjustment Act. This act authorized billions of dollars to pay for veteran's benefits such as college education, medical treatment, unemployment insurance, and home and business loans.

Question 39

Great Depression

Answer 39

Period between 1929 and 1941, when unemployment rose to record high of 25% of the workforce, bank failures increased, and business bankruptcies occurred every month.

Question 40

The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

Answer 40

A book, written in 1890 by Admiral Alfred T. Mahan, that encouraged the United States to become a world power by building a powerful American navy; acquiring islands in the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea; and creating a canal to connect the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

Question 41

Internment

Answer 41

Confinement or imprisonment.

Question 42

Internment Camps

Answer 42

requiring Japanese Americans to relocate during World War II; also called relocation camps.

Question 43

Immigration Act of 1921

Answer 43

Immigration could not exceed 3% of the number of people from that nationality in the U.S. in 1910.

Question 44

Immigration Act of 1924

Answer 44

Also known as the National Origins Quota Act. This law reduced immigration and biased it in favor of those from northern and western Europe. See also National Origins Act.

Question 45

Queen Liliuokalani

Answer 45

The queen of Hawaii who struggled for power with wealthy American plantation owners until she was overthrown in 1893 by businessmen with United States military support.

Question 46

Alfred T. Mahan

Answer 46

navy officer and historian, he published the most influential book on naval theory in modern times, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. He argued for more naval bases and the annexation of colonies, a larger navy, and an improved merchant marine.

Question 47

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 47

An organization of white supremacists that used lynchings, beatings, and threats to control the black population in the United States

Question 48

Mercantilism

Answer 48

economy of the colonies should be controlled by and should benefit the mother country.

Question 49

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 49

President James Monroe’s policy warning Europe that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits for further colonization. He also advised them not to interfere with the newly independent countries in Latin America.

Question 50

NAACP

Answer 50

a group that included people of different races. They worked for equal rights for black people by using lawsuits in federal courts.

Question 51

National Origins Act

Answer 51

Congress stopped immigration from East Asia completely and lowered European immigration

Question 52

Manifest Destiny

Answer 52

a belief that it was the destiny of the U.S. to expand beyond its continental borders to the west.

Question 53

Marshall Plan

Answer 53

A plan of economic assistance and recovery for Western Europe formulated by General George Marshall in 1947.

Question 54

William McKinley

Answer 54

cautious and traditional president. Taxes on imports increased, the gold standard was adopted, general period of prosperity

Question 55

The New Deal

Answer 55

Roosevelt's programs adopted during the 1930s to advance America's economic recovery and social welfare.

Question 56

Open Door Policy

Answer 56

aimed to ensure fair trade in China. helped protect American trade interests in China and ensured the U.S. could trade there on equal terms with other powerful nations.

Question 57

National Security

Answer 57

the measures a country takes to protect itself from threats and ensure the safety and well-being of its people

Question 58

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Answer 58

The alliance of nations established in 1949 for the purpose of mutual defense; now includes approximately 15 nations from Canada to Turkey

Question 59

Populism

Answer 59

A political movement started by farmers and labor unions to reduce the power of big businesses and give people more influence in government.

Question 60

Progressive Tax

Answer 60

The tax on income where the more money a person makes the higher the taxes they pay; also referred to as the graduated income tax.

Question 61

Prosperity

Answer 61

high employment and available spending money.

Question 62

Quota

Answer 62

limiting the number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States based on how many people from their country were already in the U.S. on a certain date, like the census of 1910 or 1890.

Question 63

Panama Canal

Answer 63

linked the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, helping to lower the cost of transporting goods, but also creating a tense relationship between Panama and the Canal Zone occupied by the Americans

Question 64

Pearl Harbor

Answer 64

Site of the Japanese attack on Hawaii on December 7, 1941. It provoked the American declaration of war on December 8, 1941.

Question 65

Red Scare

Answer 65

Americans feared the growth of communism

Question 66

Relocation Camps

Answer 66

Places where Japanese-Americans were required to be housed during World War II, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's

Question 67

Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 67

President Theodore Roosevelt declared that the United States could step in to keep order in Western Hemisphere nations. This was seen as an expansion of the Monroe Doctrine.

Question 68

Schenck v. United States

Answer 68

Secretary Schenck, accused of handing out anti-draft materials during World War I. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said free speech isn't absolute, especially in wartime, comparing it to shouting "fire" in a crowded theater when there's no fire.

Question 69

Seward's Folly

Answer 69

Nickname for the purchase of Alaska; it was called a folly because most Americans at the time believed Secretary of State William Seward had made a mistake buying what they perceived as worthless land from Russia.

Question 70

Bessie Smith

Answer 70

jazz and blues vocal artist of the 1920-1930s.

Question 71

Social Mobility

Answer 71

The ability of a person or group of people to move from one economic and/or social class level to another, usually associated with hard work and opportunity.

Question 72

Social Security Act

Answer 72

established retirement pensions, unemployment compensation, and financial aid for widows, dependent children, and the handicapped.

Question 73

Spanish-American War

Answer 73

happened in Cuba and the Philippines. It resulted in the US gaining control of territories held by Spain, sparked a debate about imperialism, and made the US more involved in Latin American and Asian matters.

Question 74

Stock Market Crash

Answer 74

On October 29th, 1929, stock prices dropped dramatically, causing over $15 billion in losses. Many people who had bought stocks with borrowed money, known as buying on margin, were bankrupted. the "crash," marked the start of the Great Depression.

Question 75

U.S.S. Maine

Answer 75

This American battleship was in Havana harbor to protect American lives and property. On February 15, 1898, it exploded, killing 260 crew members. Many thought Spain caused it, but evidence is unclear. Soon after, the US entered the Spanish-American War.

Question 76

Subsidy

Answer 76

Financial assistance by the government

Question 77

Temperance Movement

Answer 77

The movement which led to Prohibition

Question 78

Truman Doctrine

Answer 78

to contain the spread of communism with economic and military aid

Question 79

White Man's Burden

Answer 79

A term associated with Rudyard Kipling. Implied that it was the white races duty to imperialize and spread their culture because it was the "best"

Question 80

Works Project Administration

Answer 80

Men and women were employed, during the New Deal, to build public buildings (schools, hospitals) and parks. They were also employed as writers, artists, and musicians.

Question 81

World War I

Answer 81

Conflict occurring from 1914–1918 in which Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary (the Triple Alliance) was defeated by the Triple Entente (France, England, and Russia).

Question 82

World War II

Answer 82

International conflict beginning in 1939, and included US involvement after 1941. The war ended in 1945 with the defeat of the Axis powers.