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MT > Chapter 2 Wordlist > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Wordlist Flashcards

1
Q

Adipose

A

of or relating to animal fat

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2
Q

Anabolism

A

the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units; the building up aspect of metabolism

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3
Q

Anterior

A

before; in front; toward the front

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4
Q

Body Cavity

A

a fluid filled space in an organism which holds and protects organs

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5
Q

Organ

A

the body structures that perform specific functions

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6
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

a continuous cavity located on the dorsal side of the body; houses the organs of the upper central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

the anterior portion of the dorsal cavity consisting of the space inside the skull; contains the brain, the meninges of the brain, and cerebrospinal fluid

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8
Q

Vertebral Cavity

A

the posterior portion of the dorsal cavity; contains the structures within the vertebral column (the spinal cord, the meninges of the spinal cord, and the fluid filled spaces between them); narrowest of all body cavities; described as threadlike

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9
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

the interior space in the front of the body; contains many different organ systems; the organs within this cavity are also called viscera; has anterior and posterior portions divided by the diaphragm

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10
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

the anterior ventral body cavity found within the rib cage; houses the primary organs of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems (heart, lungs, etc.); also includes organs from other systems such as the esophagus and the thymus gland

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11
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

the posterior ventral body cavity found beneath the thoracic cavity and the diaphragm; divided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities; not contained within bone; houses many organs of the digestive and renal systems along with some of the endocrine system (adrenal glands); contained within the pelvis and houses the bladder and reproductive system

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12
Q

Brain

A

body’s control center; core of the central nervous system; creates, processes, and sends nerve impulses, thoughts, emotions, physical sensations, etc.

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13
Q

Heart

A

the most important organ in the circulatory system; works with the lungs to add oxygen to blood and pump this oxygenated blood throughout the blood vessels around the body

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14
Q

Lungs

A

filter the air a person breathes; removes excess carbon dioxide in exchange for oxygen

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15
Q

Liver

A

most important organ of the metabolic system; helps convert nutrients into usable substances; detoxifies certain substances; filters blood coming from the digestive tract

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16
Q

Kidneys

A

a pair of bean shaped organs each the size of a fist; help filter blood and remove waste from the body

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17
Q

Gallbladder

A

small and pear shaped; stores bile and then releases it into the bile duct to the small intestine to aid in digestion; contains cholesterol, bile, salts, and bilirubin

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18
Q

Pancreas

A

functions as both and exocrine gland and an endocrine gland; as a exocrine gland, it produces enzymes to help digest food and convert it into energy; as an endocrine gland, it produces and releases insulin to help the body remove glucose from the blood and convert it into energy

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19
Q

Stomach

A

the muscles of the stomach help break down and digest food

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20
Q

Intestines

A

a group of tubes that help filter out waste, absorb water and certain electrolytes, and digest food

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21
Q

Catabolism

A

the breakdown of complex molecules in living organism to form simpler ones; destructive part of metabolism

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22
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell; composed of water, salt, and various other organic molecules

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23
Q

Craniotomy

A

surgical opening into the skull

24
Q

Distal

A

situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment

25
Q

Dorsal

A

of, on, or relating to the upper side or back of an animal or organ

26
Q

Histology

A

the study of the microanatomy of cells, tissues, and organs as seen through a microscope

27
Q

Inferior

A

below or toward the feet

28
Q

Larynx

A

voice box; the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords

29
Q

Lateral

A

refers to structures located farther away from the midline of the body

30
Q

Mediastinum

A

a membranous partition between two body cavities or two parts of an organ (especially that between the lungs)

31
Q

Metabolism

A

the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into energy

32
Q

Posterior

A

back side of things

33
Q

Karyotype

A

an individual’s complete set of chromosomes

34
Q

Prone

A

with the front surface downward; lie face down

35
Q

Proximal

A

situated near to the center of the body or the point of attachment

36
Q

Supine

A

lying face upwards; person on their back

37
Q

Superior

A

above or over top of

38
Q

Visceral

A

referring to the viscera (internal organs of the body; especially those within the chest or abdomen)

39
Q

Intervertebral

A

situated between vertebrae

40
Q

Inguinal

A

of the groin

41
Q

Ventral

A

of, on, or relating to the underside of an animal; abdominal

42
Q

Coronal (Frontal) Plane

A

separates the front (anterior) and the back (posterior) of the body

43
Q

Sagittal (Longitudinal) Plane

A

separated the left and right sides of the body

44
Q

Transverse (Axial) Plane

A

separates the upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves of the body

45
Q

Cervical Spine

A

neck; seven cervical vertebrae make this division of the spine up; has the greatest range of motion of all the divisions; allows us to turn our heads

46
Q

Thoracic Spine

A

middle back; consists of twelve vertebrae that connects to ribs and protects the heart and lungs

47
Q

Lumbar Spine

A

lower back; supports the neck and thoracic divisions; largest vertebrae of the divisions; absorbs stress from lifting and carrying

48
Q

Sacrum

A

below the lumbar spine; a triangular bone of five fused vertebrae; connects to the hips on the left and right to create the circular structure called the pelvic girdle; highly durable; integral to walking and leg functions; bears the weight of the upper body

49
Q

Coccygeal (Coccyx)

A

highly durable; bears weight; an attachment site for muscle insertion; these muscles aid in defecation, support for the female reproductive organs, and help you move your legs; provides a third point of contact when sitting

50
Q

Pharynx

A

throat; serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth to esophagus) and air (from the nose to trachea)

51
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

52
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

53
Q

Trachea

A

windpipe (tubes leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes)

54
Q

Ureter

A

one of two tubes each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

55
Q

Urethra

A

tube from urinary bladder to the outside of the body

56
Q

Uterus

A

womb; the organ that the embryo/fetus as it develops

57
Q

Viscera

A

internal organs

MT (9 decks)

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