Lung Volume And Capacities

Question 1

Air from the Nose to Terminal Bronchioles (CONDUCTING zone) that does NOT undergo gas exchange

Normal value: 150 ml

Answer 1

ANATOMIC dead space

Question 2

Air in the RESPIRATORY unit of the lung (RESPIRATORY ZONE) that does NOT undergo gas exchange due to V/Q mismatch

Normal value: 0 ml

Answer 2

ALVEOLAR dead space

Question 3

Anatomic + Alveolar dead space

Normal value: 150 ml

Answer 3

PHYSIOLOGIC dead space

Question 4

Bronchopulmonary segments (Segmental bronchi to alveoli)

Answer 4

FUNCTIONAL ANATOMIC unit of the lung

Question 5

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs

**ONLY 3 areas in the respiratory system capable of gas exchange

Answer 5

RESPIRATORY unit of the lung

Question 6

Type of pneumocyte which is for GAS EXCHANGE

Answer 6

TYPE 1

Question 7

For surfactant production

Answer 7

Type 2 Pneumocyte

Question 8

It produces MUCUS for lubrication in the respiratory system

Answer 8

GOBLET cells

Question 9

Produces protective GAGs and metabolize air-borne toxins

Answer 9

CLARA or CLUB cells

Question 10

Alveolar macrophages

Answer 10

DUST cells

Question 11

Air inspired over and above the tidal volume; utilized during exercise

Answer 11

INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV)

Question 12

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled during the relaxed state

Normal value: 500 ml (ANATOMIC dead space 150 ml + RESPI unit of the lung

Answer 12

TIDAL VOLUME

Question 13

Amount of air EXHALED after expiration of tidal volume

Answer 13

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV)

Question 14

REMAINING AIR in the lungs after maximal exhalation

Also maintains oxygenation in between breaths

Answer 14

RESIDUAL volume

REmaining = REsidual

Question 15

Tidal volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 15

Inspiratory capacity

Question 16

ERV + RV

Air in the lungs after expiring tidal volume

Answer 16

FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY (FRC)

Question 17

Marker for LUNG FUNCTION

Answer 17

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Question 18

IRV + TV + ERV

Answer 18

VITAL CAPACITY

Question 19

MAXIMUM volume of air that can be inhaled or exhaled

Answer 19

VITAL CAPACITY

Question 20

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

Answer 20

TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY

Question 21

Can be measured by spirometry

Answer 21

VITAL CAPACITY (VC)

Question 22

Remains in the lungs after a tidal volume is expired

Answer 22

FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY (FRC)

Question 23

In a maximal expiration, the total volume expired is

Answer 23

VITAL CAPACITY (VC)

Question 24

Normal value for FEV1/FVC

Answer 24

0.8 or 80%

Question 25

Has DECREASED FEV1/FVC ratio and INCREASED FRC

Answer 25

OBSTRUCTIVE lung disease (Asthma, COPD)

~ problems with EXPIRATION

Question 26

Has INCREASED FEV1/FVC ratio and DECREASED FRC

Answer 26

RESTRICTIVE lung disease (Lung fibrosis)

~ Problems with INSPIRATION

Question 27

Primary drive to breath in COPD patients

Answer 27

HYPOXIC drive (low PaO2 stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors)

Question 28

PFT result in person with PULMONARY FIBROSIS (RESTRICTIVE lung disease)

Answer 28

DECREASING diffusing capacity of the lung

Question 29

Drugs that can cause Interstitial lung disease/restrictive lung disease

Answer 29

Busulfan
Amiodarone
Methotrexate