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MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK > Salivary gland, Tongue, Mouth and Palate > Flashcards

Salivary gland, Tongue, Mouth and Palate Flashcards

1
Q

whats the mouth

A

the oral or buccal cavity

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2
Q

what does the mouth do

A

receives, masticates and swallows food

forms words in speech

is a passage for air in respiration

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3
Q

where is the pharynx is relation to the mouth

A

posterior

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4
Q

what epithelium lines the mouth and pharynx

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

whats the oral orifice

A

opening of the oral cavity

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6
Q

what is the fauces

A

the opening between oral cavity and pharynx

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7
Q

what forms the oral cavity

A

cheeks, lips, hard and soft palates and tongue

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8
Q

oral cavity is divided into what

A

vestibule and oral cavity proper

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9
Q

what is the vestibule

what makes up the vestibule externally and internally

A

a space in the oral cavity

externally-cheeks and lips

internally-gums and teeth

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10
Q

the oral cavity proper is bound by what

A

hard and soft palates
tongue
floor of mouth

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11
Q

what do the cheeks form

A

lateral walls of oral cavity

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12
Q

what do the cheeks consist of

A

outer layers of skin

subcutaneous fat

facial muscles which manipulate food in oral cavity

inner stratified squamous epithelium

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13
Q

where do the cheeks terminate

A

anteriorly in superior and inferior lips surrounding the oral orifice

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14
Q

what muscle forms the lips

A

orbicularis oris

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15
Q

what is the labial frenulum and what does it do

A

its a midline fold of mucous membrane which attaches each lips from its inner surface to gum

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16
Q

whats the vermillion

A

the transition zone between outer skin and mucous membrane of oral cavity

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17
Q

what is the tongue

A

a mass of skeletal muscle projecting into oral cavity which is covered by a mucous membrane

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18
Q

what divides the tongue

A

sulcus terminalis into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

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19
Q

whats the V apex and where is it

A

its the remnant of the opening of the thyroglossal duct

it points posterior at foramen cecum

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20
Q

where do the anterior 2/3 of the tongue lie

A

in oral cavity

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21
Q

where does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue lie

A

in pharynx and is attached to hyoid

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22
Q

what lymphoid tissue makes up the tongue base

A

lingual tonsils

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23
Q

what are the functions of the tongue

A

mastication
swallowing
sensing food tastes using tastes buds

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24
Q

where on the tongue do you taste :
-sweetness
-saltiness
-sourness and bitterness

A

apex-tip

lateral margins

posterior part

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25
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus

hyoglossus

styloglossus

palatoglossus

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26
Q

what is the origin and insertion point of the genioglossus

what innervates the genioglossus

whats the action of the genioglossus

A

superior part of mental spine of mandible to insert in dorsum of tongue and body of hyoid bone

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

-it depresses the tongue
-its posterior part pulls the tongue anteriorly for protrusion

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27
Q

whats the origin and insertion point of the hyoglossus

what innervates the hyoglossus

whats the action of the hyoglossus

A

body and greater horn of hyoid bone to insert on side and inferior aspect of tongue

hypoglossal nerve

depresses and retracts the tongue

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28
Q

whats the origin and insertion point of the styloglossus

what innervates the styloglossus

whats the action of the styloglossus

A

styloid process and stylohyoid ligament to insert on side and inferior aspect of tongue

hypoglossal nerve

retracts the tongue and draws it up to create a trough for swallowing

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29
Q

whats the origin and insertion of the palatoglossus

what innervates the palatoglossus

whats the action of the palatoglossus

A

palatine aponeurosis of soft palate to insert on side of tongue

cranial root of CN XI via the pharyngeal branch of CN X and pharyngeal plexus

it elevates the posterior part of the tongue

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30
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

superior longitudinal

inferior longitudinal

transverse

vertical

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31
Q

what innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

hypoglossal nerve

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32
Q

whats the arterial supply of the tongue

A

dorsal lingual artery
deep lingual artery
sublingual artery

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33
Q

whats the venous drainage of the tongue

A

dorsal lingual vein
deep lingual vein
sublingual vein

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34
Q

whats the innervation of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

hypoglossal nerve

internal laryngeal nerve

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

vagus nerve and its branches

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35
Q

what causes paralysis of the CN XII

A

fracture of the occipital condyle

tumour near the hypoglossal canal

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36
Q

what happens to the tongue when there is paralysis of the CN XII

A

atrophy and the tongue will deviate towards the side of the peripheral lesion

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37
Q

what are lymphatics of the tongue

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

submandibular lymph nodes

submental lymph nodes

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38
Q

what are tongue papillae and what do they do and what do they contain

A

they are numerous small elevations on dorsal surface of tongue

they help in handling food

contain taste buds

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39
Q

what are the types of papillae on the tongue

A

-filiform
-fungiform
-vallate (circumvallate)
-foliate

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40
Q

what are the smallest and most numerous papillae

A

filiform papillae

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41
Q

what is filiform papillae

A

they are conical projections of CT with tapered tips

42
Q

what epithelium covers filiform papillae

A

keratinized squamous epithelium

43
Q

where is the filiform papillae located

A

its distributed on the entire anterior dorsal surface

44
Q

what is fungiform papillae

A

they are mushroom shaped projections

45
Q

where do you find fungiform papillae

A

they are scattered among filiform papillae but are more numerous near the tip of the tongue

46
Q

what do the fungiform papillae have on the dorsal surface

A

taste buds

47
Q

what are circumvallate papillae like

A

large and few

48
Q

how are circumvallate papillae arranged

A

in a V shape anterior to sulcus terminalis

49
Q

what surrounds the circumvallate papillae

A

invaginations

50
Q

what epithelium lines the circumvallate papillae

A

stratified squamous epithelium

51
Q

the circumvallate papillae has numerous what

A

tatse buds

52
Q

foliate papillae have what type of ridges

A

parallel

53
Q

foliate papillae are separated from each other by what

A

deep mucosa clefts

54
Q

where are foliate papillae located

A

on lateral edge of tongue

55
Q

foliate papillae have many what

A

taste buds

56
Q

what empties into the clefts that separate the foliate papillae

A

serous glands

57
Q

what is the palate

A

its the roof of the oral cavity

58
Q

what does the palate consist of

A

bony hard palate anteriorly and soft palate posteriorly

59
Q

what bones makes up the hard palate

A

maxillae and palatine bones

60
Q

what structure do you find on the hard palate

A

palatal rugae-which are transverse ridges on mucous membrane

61
Q

what makes up the soft palate

A

muscular arch with mucous membrane

62
Q

what structure do you find on the soft palate and what does it prevent

A

uvula-which is a cone shaped projection from the middle lower border of the soft palate that prevents food from entering the nasal cavity when swallowing

63
Q

what 2 muscular folds extend downwards from both sides of the base of the uvula

A

-the glossopalatine arch as the anterior fold

-pharyngopalatine arch as the posterior fold

64
Q

what do you find between the glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine arch

A

palatine tonsil

65
Q

what muscles make up the soft palate

A

-tensor veli palatini
-levator veli palatini
-palatoglossus
-palatopharyngeus
-musculus uvulae

66
Q

whats the arterial supply of the palate

A

greater palatine artery

lesser palatine artery

67
Q

whats the venous drainage of the palate

A

tributaries of pterygoid venous plexus

68
Q

whats the nerve supply of the palate

A

greater palatine nerves

nasopalatine nerve

lesser palatine nerve

69
Q

a cleft palate is associated with what

A

cleft lip

70
Q

what causes a cleft palate

A

due to failure of mesenchymal masses in the lateral processes to fuse because neural crests are implicated

71
Q

whats the mucosa of the oral cavity

A

masticatory mucosa
lining mucosa
specialized mucosa

72
Q

where do you find masticatory mucosa

A

gum
hard palate

73
Q

what epithelium does masticatory mucosa have

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

74
Q

what epithelium does lining mucosa have

A

thicker nonkeratinized stratified epithelium

75
Q

where do you find lining mucosa

A

-lips and cheeks
-floor of mouth
-inferior surfaces of tongue
-soft palate

76
Q

where do you find specialized mucosa

A

dorsal surface of tongue

77
Q

what does specialized mucosa have

A

papillae and taste buds

78
Q

what do salivary glands produce

A

saliva

79
Q

what makes up saliva

A

water

proteins (enzymes & antibodies)

electrolytes

80
Q

what are the major paired salivary glands

A

parotid glands ( beside ear)

submandibular gland

sublingual gland

81
Q

what is the minor salivary gland and where is it located

A

buccal gland

located in submucosa of different parts of the oral cavity

82
Q

where is the parotid gland

A

lies subcutaneous over masseter muscle

83
Q

what does the parotid gland have

A

parotid duct

84
Q

where does the parotid gland enter the oral cavity

A

lateral to the upper 2nd molar

85
Q

where is the submandibular gland

A

inferior to base of tongue

86
Q

what does the submandibular gland have

A

submandibular duct

87
Q

where does the submandibular gland enter the oral cavity

A

lateral to lingual frenulum

88
Q

where is the sublingual gland

A

anterior to submandibular gland and under the tongue

89
Q

the sublingual gland has several what

A

small ducts

90
Q

where does the sublingual gland enter the oral cavity

A

along base of tongue

91
Q

what are the structures embedded in the parotid gland

A

facial nerve and its branches

retromandibular vein

external carotid artery and its branches

parotid lymph nodes

92
Q

what type of gland is the submandibular gland

A

compound tubulo-alveolar gland

93
Q

the submandibular gland consists of what secreting end pieces (acini) and what are the majority of the acini of the gland

A

serous, mucous and mixed

majority of the acini are serous in nature

94
Q

serous acini contain what

what is the shape of the serous acini

what do the serous acini secrete

A

serous cells

spherical

protein secreting

95
Q

what do mucous acini contain

whats the shape of the mucous acini

what do mucous acini secrete

A

mucous cells

tubular

mucin secreting

96
Q

what do mixed acini contain

what do the mucous acini have

A

serous and mucous cells

they have a cap of serous cells called serous demilunes

97
Q

whats the submandibular duct system

A

intercalated duct- intralobular

striated duct-intralobular

excretory duct-interlobular

98
Q

whats parotiditis

A

inflammation of the parotid gland

99
Q

whats mumps

A

an acute viral infection which causes enlargement of the salivary glands

100
Q

what would cause an excision of the submandibular gland

A

tumor in its duct

101
Q

what are tonsils

A

aggregations of lymphatic nodules located posterior to oral cavity

102
Q

what are examples of tonsils

A

palatine
lingual

MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK (13 decks)

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