ADDITION REACTIONS Flashcards
what do addition reactions involve
addition of two groups across alkene double bond
what is the opposite of an addition reaction
elimination reaction
what does hydrohalogenation involve
the addition of hydrogen and a halogen across the double bond of an alkene
for hydrohalogenation, what is Markovnikov’s rule
hydrogen will bind to the carbon that is least substituted [most hydrogen subs]
for hydrohalogenation, what is anti-Markovnikov’s rule
hydrogen will bind to the carbon that is most substituted [least hydrogen subs]
in a hydrohalogenation reaction, what compounds do markovinov’s rule apply to
HCl, HI, and HBr.
what is anti-markovinov’s rule used for
If trace amounts of peroxides (ROOR) are present, then HBr will be added
what kind of reaction is observed in a Markovnikov addition of Hbr, HI, or HCl into an alkene
elimination
what kind of reaction is observed in an anti-Markovnikov addition where ROOR is observed and replaced by HBR into an alkene
radical substitution
in anti-Markovnikov addition of a halogen where Hbr is used, what is the steps
- Alkene removes proton from H-Br
- Carbo-cation on alkene formed for acceptance of bromine
Bromide ion formed to enter alkene - Bromide ion attacks carbocation to form a bromoalkene
what is involved in a hydration reaction
involve adding water (H and OH or H2O) across the double bond of an alkene
what is important to catalyse a hydration reaction
acid (H+)
what is the product from a hydration reactuon
an alcohol
on what carbon do hydration reactions occur involving water
in a Markovnikov fashion
(more H - bonded carbon on double bond)
what acid is used regularly for hydration reactions
sulfuric acid
H2S04
