Last Minute Memorisation

Question 1

what structures are most significant for resonance

Answer 1

1. minimal charges are more significant than structures with several charges.
2. Structures that have a full octet of electrons on their atoms are more significant than those that do not have a full octet.
3. If two carbon atoms in a structure have opposite charges, this structure is generally insignificant.

Question 2

what are the hybridisations of compounds other than carbon bonds

Answer 2

compound

single 3 bonds - sp3
one double bond - sp2
one triple bond - sp
two double bonds together - sp

Question 3

what are the hybridisations of carbon

Answer 3

sp3 = connected to 4 atoms/groups. 109.5 degrees
sp2 = connected to 3 atoms/groups. 120 degrees
sp = connected to 2 atoms/groups. 180 degrees

Question 4

what is the stablest conformation for newman projection

Answer 4

eclipsed

Question 5

what is the least stablest conformation for newman projection

Answer 5

staggered - where substituents are 180- degrees apart especially

Question 6

what are the two possible conformations of cyclohexane

Answer 6

boat or chair confirmation

Question 7

what confirmation for cyclohexane is more stable

Answer 7

chair

99% of cyclohexane conformations are chair conformations

Question 8

why is a chair conformation more stable than a boat conformation

Answer 8

lower energy
more stable

Question 9

what is an equatorial or axial bond in chair conformation

which is more stable

Answer 9

equatorial is more stable
less steric interaction + favoured in equilibrium

Question 10

how do you change from chair equatorial to chair axial

Answer 10

chair ‘flip’

Question 11

what is a cis and trans alkene

Answer 11

cis means substituents on same side of double bond

trans means on opposite sides

Question 12

whats more stable - cis or trans alkene

Answer 12

trans

substituents opposite so cant interact further
less steric hindrance

Question 13

what is enantiomer
what is disasteriomer

Answer 13

enantiomer - mirror image
disasteriomer - not mirror image

Question 14

what is touelene

Answer 14

benzene + CH3

Question 15

what is aniine

Answer 15

benzene + NH2

Question 16

what is anisole

Answer 16

benzene + O-CH3

Question 17

what is phenol

Answer 17

benzene + OH

Question 18

what is ortho

Answer 18

substituents next to each other

Question 19

what is meta

Answer 19

substituents have one space aprt

Question 20

what is para

Answer 20

substituents have two spaces apart

Question 21

what is more than 6c chain on benzene ring called

Answer 21

phenyl group

Question 22

what does ph in nomenclature meant to represent in organic chemistry

Answer 22

phenyl group

Question 23

what does aromatic mean

Answer 23

derivative of benzene

Question 24

aldehydes have what

Answer 24

O=C-H

carbon double bond to oxygen and one single bond hydrogen

Question 25

ketones have what

Answer 25

carbon one double bond to oxygen

Question 26

what is the ending for aldehydes

Answer 26

-al

Question 27

what is the ending for ketones

Answer 27

-one

Question 28

for aldehydes is the carbon included in parent chain that makes up aldehyde

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

what is fomaldehyde

Answer 29

2 H single bond to carbon
1 double bond oxygen to carbon

sp2

Question 30

what is acetaldehyde

Answer 30

CH3 single bond carbon
H single bond carbon
1 double bond oxygen

Question 31

what is acetone

Answer 31

2 single bond CH3 to carbon
1 double bond oxygen to carbon