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MNI pharm > Antiparasitic Agents > Flashcards

Antiparasitic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

LUMINAL AGENTS

A

Act on parasite in bowel lumen
- diloxanide
- iodoquinol
- paromomycin

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2
Q

Used as sole agent for asymptomatic amebiasis

A

Diloxanide Furoate

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3
Q

Alternative to Diloxanide (long term use should be avoided due to risk of optic neuritis)

A

Iodoquinol

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4
Q

Aminoglycoside antibiotic that can also be an alternative agent for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patient (GI upset is common)

A

Paromomycin

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5
Q

SYSTEMIC AGENTS

A

Active both in intestinal wall and liver
Chloroquine
Emetine/Dehydroemetine

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6
Q

Eliminates trophozoites in liver abscesses

A

Chloroquine

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7
Q

Backup drugs for severe intestinal or hepatic amebiasis (concentration in the liver reaches up to 1 month)

A

Emetine/dehydroemetine

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8
Q

MIXED AGENTS

A

Active against both luminal & systemic disease
Metronidazole
Tinidazole

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9
Q

DOC for invasive amebiasis (patients should still receive a luminal amebicide in addition to this)

A

Metronidazole

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10
Q

Non-enzymatically reduced by reacting with reduced ferredoxin, which is cytotoxic to proteins & DNA

A

metronidazole MOA

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11
Q

Metronidazole AE

A

AE: GI upset, Disulfiram-like reaction (avoid alcohol intake), unpleasant metallic taste

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12
Q

2nd generation nitroimidazole similar to metronidazole but better tolerated with short term effects

A

Tinidazole

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13
Q

DOC for asymptomatic intestinal disease

A

Diloxanide furoate

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14
Q

DOC for mild-moderate intestinal disease

A

Diloxanide furoate + metronidazole

Alternate
Diloxanide furoate + tinidazole/ erythromycin/
Tetracycline

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15
Q

DOC for severe intestinal disease

A

Diloxanide furoate + Metronidazole/ Tinidazole

Alternate
Diloxanide furoate + Emetine/ Dihydroemetine/ Tetracycline

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16
Q

DOC for hepatic abscess & other extra intestinal disease

A

Diloxanide furoate + Metronidazole/ Tinidazole

Alternate
Diloxanide furoate + Emetine/ Dihydroemetine +
Chloroquine

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17
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine
Clindamycin

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18
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

Nitazoxanide

19
Q

Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

20
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

21
Q

Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
(Naegleria fowleri)

A

Amphotericin B

22
Q

Leishmaniasis

A

Sodium Stibogluconate
Amphotericin B
Pentamidine

23
Q

African Sleeping sickness
(Trypanosoma Brucei)

A

Suramin in east Africa
Pentamidine in west Africa
Melarsoprol severe CNS disease

24
Q

Chagas disease
(Trypanosoma cruzi)

A

Benznidazole
Nifurtimox

25
Q

Babesiosis

A

Atovaquone + Azithromycin

26
Q

Inhibits microtubule synthesis & glucose uptake

A

Benzimidazoles
- albendazole
- mebendazole
- thiabendazole

27
Q

DOC for cestodal infestations such as cysticercosis (Taenia solium) & hydatid cyst (Echinococcus granulosus)

A

Albendazole

28
Q

DOC for whipworm (Trichuris trichuria), pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis), hookworms (Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale) & roundworm (Ascariasis
lumbricoides)

A

Mebendazole

29
Q

More toxic than the other benzimidazoles; can cause CNS disturbances

A

Thiabendazole

30
Q

GABA agonist causing Cl- influx leading to hyperpolarization and eventual death of the parasite)

A

Ivermectins

31
Q

DOC for Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus), cutaneous larva migrans & strongyloides

A

Ivermectin

32
Q

AE: Mazotti-like reactions (fever, dizziness, somnolence, hypotension)

A

Ivermectin

33
Q

When is ivermectin contraindicated

A

Pregnancy and meningitis (can cross BBB)

34
Q

DOC for lymphatic filariasis, Loa-loa (eye-worm) & tropical eosinophilia

A

Diethylcarbamazine

35
Q

AE of diethylcarbamazine

A

Allergic reactions

antihistamines or steroids can be co-administered to minimize the reactions associated

36
Q

Depolarizing, neuromuscular blocker causing
persistent activation of parasite’s nicotinic receptors by release of Ach &
acetylcholinesterase inhibition)

A

Pyrantel pamoate

37
Q

DOC for infections caused by roundworms, pinworms & hookworms

A

Pyrantel pamoate

38
Q

Increases cell membrane permeability to calcium leading to prolonged contraction & eventual paralysis of the worm musculature, resulting in the detachment of suckers from the tissue wall)

A

Praziquantel

39
Q

DOC for Schistosomiasis & most trematode & cestode infestation

A

Praziquantel

40
Q

Praziquantel AE

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, malaise & GI upset
CX in pregnancy and nursing moms

41
Q

Inhibition of mitochondrial phosphorylation of ADP &
anaerobic metabolism of the parasite; lethal for the scolex but not for the ova

A

Niclosamide

42
Q

2nd line treatment for cestodes

A

Niclosamide

43
Q

Laxative should be administered prior to giving this drug orally, to purge bowel of all dead
segments in order to preclude digestion & liberation of ova (may lead to cysticercosis);
alcoholic consumption should be avoided within the 1st day of treatment

A

Niclosamide

44
Q

Treat clonorchis sinensis

A

Praziquantel or albendazole

MNI pharm (7 decks)

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