chap 1

Question 1

corrections

Answer 1

supervision of persons arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses.
The variety of programs, services, facilities, and organizations

Question 2

exchange

Answer 2

when two parties trade promises or concessions that make each person’s work easier or more predictable.
subject to informal enforcement.

Question 3

federalism

Answer 3

a system of government in which power and responsibility are divided between a national government and state governments.

Question 4

jails

Answer 4

A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanants for periods longer than 48 hours.

Question 5

prisons

Answer 5

An institution for the incarceration of people convicted of crimes, usually felonies.

Question 6

social control

Answer 6

the way that the norms, rules, laws, and structures of society regulate human behavior.
conforming to society

Question 7

street-level bureaucrats

Answer 7

Public service workers who interact directly with citizens in the course of their jobs.
EX: teachers, social workers, judges, public lawyers and health workers

Question 8

system

Answer 8

A whole that is made of interdependent parts whose operations are directed toward common goals

Question 9

technology

Answer 9

methods of applying scientific knowledge to practical purposes in a particular field.

Question 10

Emile Durkheim

Answer 10

French scholar, father of sociology.
argued crime is normal and punishment is functional in society, outlining social norms

Question 11

Three basic concepts of Western criminal law

Answer 11

offense, guilt, and punishment

Question 12

how many people are in the system?

Answer 12

more than 6.6 milion
more than 700,000 workers

Question 13

Two objectives of corrections

Answer 13

Fair punishment
Community protection

Question 14

outside forces like ____can impact correctional agencies

Answer 14

public opinion, fiscal limits, and the law

Question 15

Corrections has a ____ relationship with its environment.

Answer 15

reciprocal

Question 16

corrections can be viewed as

Answer 16

a series of processes
sentencing, classification, supervision, programming, and revocation
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Question 17

“three Ps” dominated correctional practice. they are known as

Answer 17

probation, prisons, and parole

Question 18

different levels of government:

Answer 18

state, county, municipal

Question 19

The Big Three(states) in Corrections:

Answer 19

Texas, California, and Georgia.
count for 1/4 of all people in facilities

Question 20

The theory inherent in the term corrections:

Answer 20

the assumption that people who have broken the law can be “corrected,”

Question 21

Key Issues in Corrections focus on:

Answer 21

management, working with people, social values

Question 22

How do jails support the overall goals of corrections?

Answer 22

Jails keep the community protected.

Question 23

Institutional corrections include

Answer 23

prisons and jails, and they confine people who have been sentenced by the courts (or, in the case of jails, people who are awaiting trial).

Question 24

Community corrections do what

Answer 24

supervises people who are either awaiting trial or have been sentenced by the court but are living in the community.