Tu - Histopathology of MS

Question 1

What are the two most popular origin theories of MS? (just names)

Answer 1

Inside out and outside in

Question 2

Describe the outside in hypothesis of MS.

Answer 2

MS is caused by a primary autoimmune attack that causes myelin and axonal degeneration in the CNS.

Question 3

Describe the inside out hypothesis of MS.

Answer 3

MS is caused by a primary cyto-degenerative process that causes myelin degeneration in the CNS. Then a secondary autoimmune attack against fragmented myelin.

Question 4

What is PLP? (explain)

Answer 4

A specific protein in myelin.

Question 5

What are two main ways that we can stain White Matter lesions?

Answer 5

PLP staining and MHC-II staining

Question 6

What are the 3 types of white matter lesions that we can see with PLP and MHC-II staining?

Answer 6

Active, chronic active, chronic

Question 7

In chronic white matter lesions, a gliotic scar gets developed, how does this happen?

Answer 7

Astroglia forms a gliotic scar by proliferating

Question 8

What are the 3 types of white matter lesions we can see by tagging myelin lipids? (Blue)

Answer 8

Preactive, Diffuse abnormal white matter (DAWM), Shadow Lesions (SL)

Question 9

What are the 4 different types of Grey Matter lesions? Describe each and what they affect.

Answer 9

Type 1: affects the last layer of a cortex, inside
Type 2: small and perivascular, around the vascularisation you can sometimes see demyelination
Type 3: Subpial, affects top layers of grey matter but not all layers
Type 4: kills whole layers of grey matter but not white matter.