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VTT 110 > study questions wk 1 and 2 > Flashcards

study questions wk 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

behavior problems

A

leading cause of pet relinquishments to animal shelters by owners

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2
Q

3 examples of behavior related tasks technicians perform

A

pre-acquisition consulting (what type of animal someone should get), educating the client on the history of their animal, evaluating non-veterinary referrals (knowing what trainers to recommend)

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3
Q

what service does a behavioral consultant provide for a client with a pet exhibiting problem behaviors

A

they provide coaching

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4
Q

What services do trainers provide for pets with problem behaviors

A

they work with the client and their animal on learning specific skills

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5
Q

The success of behavior modification and training is the aligning of the…

A

animals behavior and the humans expectations

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6
Q

classical conditioning

A

connecting one stimulus with another that the animal already gets a response from (unconditioned: animal decides)

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7
Q

example of classical conditioning

A

when holding the leash starts to show a response from the animal for wanting to go on a walk

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8
Q

counterconditioning

A

replacing an existing conditioned response

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9
Q

desensitization

A

it uses a gradual approach to introduce a stimulus (gradual increased planned exposures)

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10
Q

two tools used for creative food delivery

A

spoons and a kong

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11
Q

sensitization

A

intensity of response to same stimulus gets stronger over time

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12
Q

example of sensitization

A

a cat getting ear medication and hating it over time to the point that petting the cat makes it growl

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13
Q

habituation

A

intensity of response to same stimulus gets weaker over time

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14
Q

operant conditioning

A

consequences drive future behavior

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15
Q

two categories in reinforcement and punishment (difference between positive and negative)

A

positive is adding or giving something to the animal; negative is taking something away from them

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16
Q

2-2-3 rule

A

If it requires more than two tries, two arms to stabilize, or the animal struggles for more than 3 seconds, a different handling plan is recommended

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17
Q

what does management mean in terms of behavior modification

A

controlling the environment and experiences to prevent unwanted behavior

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18
Q

applied behavior analysis (A-B-C)

A

antecedent, behavior, consequence

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19
Q

5 stages of animal development

A

socialization, juvenile, adolescence, adult, senior

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20
Q

socialization period for puppies and kittens

A

puppies: 3-16 weeks; kittens: 2-7 weeks

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21
Q

length of juvenile period

A

end of socialization to sexual maturity

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22
Q

juvenile period for dogs and cats

A

dogs: 5-18 months; cats: 4-10 months

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23
Q

adolescence

A

onset of puberty through social maturity

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24
Q

why is adolescence the common age for pets to be surrendered to shelters?

A

more need for physical and mental activity

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25
Q

body language for relaxed dogs

A

Soft muscles, face, mouth; normal pupils; ears forward or relaxed; neutral whiskers; natural tail (okay with interactions and treats)

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26
Q

body language for mildly stressed dogs

A

Soft muscles, mouth (maybe curled tongue tip), face
(maybe pinching between eyes); normal to slightly larger pupils; ears forward or slightly to side or back; neutral whiskers; natural tail or a little low (and yawning)

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27
Q

body language for moderately stressed dogs

A

Furrowed brow; moderately dilated pupils; ears back or down; lips back; panting; tense; fidgety. May exhibit mixed feelings, avert eyes (high value treats may mask moderate stress)

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28
Q

body language for severely stressed dogs

A

Furrowed brown; dilated pupils; ears back or down; lips back; panting; slow or frantic movements; voiding, may show defensive aggression, but usually hide and avoid; learned helplessness

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29
Q

relaxed cats

A

Soft muscles and face; normal pupils; soft, erect ears; neutral whiskers; closed mouth; softly curved tail

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30
Q

mildly stressed cats

A

mildly dilated pupils; ears slightly to side; legs, tails, and whiskers closer to body; may stay in carrier or approach then run away

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31
Q

moderately stressed cats

A

Signs of mild stress plus: tail tight to body, possible twitching tip; sternal position if lying; ears to side or back; stops exploring and refuses food

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32
Q

severely stressed cats

A

signs of moderate stress and dilated pupils, ears and body flat, whiskers flat or forward, tail tucked or held low, hissing or growling, teeth bared, strike or bites, defensive aggression or helplessness

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33
Q

When providing pet selection counseling for prospective pet owners, what are two questions a technician should ask?

A

willingness to spend time in training, and desired lifestyle

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34
Q

3 common unwanted behaviors that result in pets going back to a shelter

A

unwanted elimination, destructive behavior, aggression

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35
Q

play-related aggression

A

Aggression in the form of chasing, barking, biting, scratching, and physical contact is a normal part of play for both puppies and kittens (normal way to learn coordination and social communication)

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36
Q

why pairing exercises are important for young dogs and cats

A

helps reduce fear at each visit (stimulus is the same all the time)

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37
Q

2 categories behavior medications fall into

A

baseline or mainstay AND event based or short term

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38
Q

examples of behavior emergencies that require rapid action

A

Human-animal bond compromised, Human-directed aggression resulting in injury (or fear of injury), Full behavior history and risk assessment prior to interacting with patient, Self-harm, Animal-directed aggression resulting in injuries

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39
Q

why or how do dogs and cats develop an aversion to veterinary care

A

pheromone signals of stress and fear or social signals from other animals (and association with pain and illness)

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40
Q

fear and anxiety in patients leads to

A

a. Aggression
b. Treatment resistance from patient
c. Reluctance to test and treat on the part of staff
d. Increased cortisol and delayed healing
e. Low cooperation

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41
Q

what does FAS stand for

A

fear, anxiety, stress

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42
Q

considerate approach

A

the environment and interactions are sensitive to the need of patients (making sure everything thing is cleaned, having things we like but also work for the animals)

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43
Q

touch gradient

A

A method of touching animals in a systematic and sensitive way to decrease fear, anxiety, and stress during handling (Acclimating the patient to increasing levels of touch intensity while continuously measuring the patient’s acceptance and comfort)

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44
Q

What is the recommended area to start a routine physical exam when using the touch gradient method?

A

Begin with a skin examination, body condition score and muscle condition score, lymph node evaluation, and auscultation

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45
Q

6 factors of gentle control

A

a. Use of distractions when possible
b. Stabilization rather than forcible restraint to encourage stillness
c. Animal made to feel secure: no slipping and gently supported
d. Animal is gently kept in place with attention paid to all six directions of possible movement
e. Safely preventing harm to the pet and veterinary team
f. A plan for ways to stop the procedure and safely move away if the FAS score increases rapidly

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46
Q

example of a happy visit

A

dog is especially responsive, positive experiences throughout: parking lot, lobby, and exam room; no medical care or treatment

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47
Q

example of victory visit

A

scheduled time for onsite desensitization, counterconditioning, and operant conditioning; there may be staff or outside trainer/behavior consultant

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48
Q

Why is it crucial for the veterinary team to keep accurate records about how animals respond to veterinary care?

A

It saves a great deal of time in trial-and-error handling attempts during future visits; alerts the veterinary team member to safety concerns and protects the patient from handling events and techniques known to potentially compromise the welfare of that specific patient

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49
Q

mission of the veterinary healthcare team

A

To prevent and relieve animal suffering and promote wellness

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50
Q

3 indications for restraint

A

a. To safely position a patient so that it can receive medical care (if they experience fear)
b. To prevent the animal from harming itself while it is receiving medical care (if it attempts to escape)
c. To protect personnel (in case anything happens, the safety of the vet tech, client, and handlers comes first)

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51
Q

3 examples of ways to minimize stress in veterinary patients during a visit

A

a. Use calming music and calming pheromones inside the veterinary facility
b. Provide comfortable nonslip surfaces and create spaces where patients can hide
c. Have a wide variety of treats available

52
Q

types of behavior signals technicians should interpret prior to approaching an animal

A

a. Distance-signaling behavior
b. Defensive aggression
c. Postural changes and warnings
d. Mixed signals

53
Q

flight

A

escaping

54
Q

fight

A

defensive aggression

55
Q

freeze

A

learned helplessness

56
Q

2 devices used to help capture escaped cats

A

Clamshell capture device and a large soft net with a long handle

57
Q

types of restraint for relaxed to mildly stressed (FAS 0-3)

A

standing or sitting positions (sternal, lateral, and dorsal recumbency)

58
Q

types of restraint for mildly to moderately stressed (FAS 2-3)

A

rule of twos, standing or sitting, establishing recumbency

59
Q

types of restraint for severely stressed (FAS 4-5)

A

chemical restraint and muzzles, towels, blankets, and gloves

60
Q

special equipment used to restrain cats

A

muzzle, cat bag, towel, gloves

61
Q

why is scruffing of cats no longer routine practice

A

increased FAS (presents risk to handler and patient)

62
Q

When a pet has enough negative experiences which teach the patient that veterinary care is unpleasant or dangerous what behavior will the pet display

A

defensive aggression

63
Q

When talking to clients about the use of medications for treatment of FAS how should be describe them?

A

they should be described as medicines to reduce fear and stress, relieve any pain the animal may be experiencing, and allow safe handling for both the patient and the team

64
Q

nosocomial infection

A

infections that hospitalized patients acquire from the hospital environment, another patient, or a health care provider

65
Q

factors that contribute to pathogen transmission to hospitalized patients

A

Actual pathogen, physical surroundings of patient, contact with veterinary personnel, stress, underlying disease conditions, or suppressed immune system

66
Q

opportunistic organism

A

Any organism that takes advantage of certain opportunities to cause disease

67
Q

fomites

A

Objects that can carry the infection; food bowls, cat mats, clippers, toys, or thermometers

68
Q

common agents of nosocomial infections

A

bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi

69
Q

the key to reducing patient morbidity and preventing further spread of the pathogen

A

Early recognition of possible nosocomial infection (cleaning fomites)

70
Q

What can hospital personnel do to protect themselves and help prevent the spread of disease

A

PPE and hand washing

71
Q

diagnosis

A

Identifying a disease by its signs or symptoms

72
Q

Ethically and legally, should the veterinary technician make a diagnosis

A

no

73
Q

What are the advantages for the patient and veterinarian, when the veterinary technician begins the history taking process

A

Saves the doctor time; more thorough care of pets

74
Q

In what form should history taking questions be asked

A

Open-ended so as not to lead the client into an answer

75
Q

unbiased questions: water consumption, appetite, bowel movement, conditions like vomiting or diarrhea

A

a. water consumption? any changes in fluffy’s drinking?
b. appetite? When was the last time fluffy ate and how much?
c. bowel movement? When was the last time fluffy went to the bathroom? Any changes in appearance?
d. conditions like vomiting and/or diarrhea? are there any concerns with vomiting or diarrhea?

76
Q

What is the signalment; Why is it important input for the veterinarian who is making a diagnosis of patient illness; example for each part of the signalment

A

signalment: age, breed, color, sex, and reproductive status; This helps to know more about the history and status of the animal to see if any issues might be related to genetics or history;
-If the dog is older, they could have more bladder issues or have different diseases than younger patients
-If they are a mixed breed or dominant and what problems come from those breeds or what is normal
-If their color is uncommon for that breed
-Males and females can have separate issues when it comes to reproductive organ issues and a different normal
-If they are spayed or neutered is important to know for certain diseases that arise with those organs (ovarian cancer)

77
Q

chief complaint; Why is it the most important part of the history-taking process for the client; How should you ask this question

A

Reason client has brought the pet in; most important to the client; What brings you in with Fluffy today?

78
Q

A six-month-old cocker spaniel is brought in because she is vomiting. The doctor has asked you to begin the history questions. What questions should you ask the owner?

A

All general questions focusing on diet history, frequency and duration of vomiting

79
Q

how to ask about past medical and surgery history, environmental history, medication history

A

a. past medical and surgical history: Any previous medical problems or surgery?
b. environmental history: Is the pet indoor/outdoor, go to groomer, boarding etc.
c. medication history: What medications or supplements is the pet currently taking?

80
Q

environmental situations that may put an animal at greater risk for disease and/or injury

A

Any situations where the pet leaves the home, roaming, grooming/boarding, dog training classes, etc. (overcrowded spaces)

81
Q

What questions are you going to ask to determine an animal’s dietary history

A

What are you currently feeding Fluffy, how much per day and how often? Any additional food or treats?

82
Q

Josh is a 9-month-old black lab. He is very ill and has been vomiting. What question should be asked pertaining to dietary history?

A

Any recent changes in diet?

83
Q

series of questions for general history

A

i. How long the pet has been owned
ii. Where and when it was obtained
iii. Previous medical problems
iv. Pet’s normal routine

84
Q

questions for cardiovascular

A

exercise intolerance

85
Q

questions for respiratory

A

trouble breathing

86
Q

questions for integumentary

A

itching, scratching, hair loss

87
Q

questions for gastrointestinal

A

vomiting, diarrhea, appetite

88
Q

questions for genitourinary

A

urination, heat cycle

89
Q

questions for musculoskeletal

A

limping, gait

90
Q

questions for nervous system

A

gait, changes in behavior

91
Q

what attitude to display when obtaining medical history and why

A

Develop rapport, nonjudgmental, to gain client’s trust

92
Q

How should you greet the client and their pet(s)? Why?

A

Introduce yourself, and position, so client knows your role and name

93
Q

Why is listening attentively to clients while obtaining medical histories very important?

A

Shows you care and gains client’s trust

94
Q

Mrs. Jamison is a new client with a 6-year-old cocker spaniel. What question should you ask this new client as you begin obtaining a medical history?

A

Any previous medical problems, surgeries?

95
Q

You have been directed by Dr. Williams to obtain the preliminary medical history information from Mrs. Mattison. She is in the waiting room with her miniature schnauzer Zeke. What observations should you be making as you meet and lead Zeke and his owner into the examination room?

A

Observe Zeke’s behavior, gait, posture, awareness of surroundings

96
Q

Dr. Jane has directed you to perform a “progress” PE on a hospitalized cat named Florence. What should you be observing as you remove the patient from its cage to begin the procedure?

A

Any contents in cage

97
Q

Dr. Jane has also directed you to obtain Florence’s “vital signs”. What physical information are you to obtain?

A

Temperature, pulse, respiration

98
Q

When you take Florence’s temperature, you find that it is normal. What is a normal temperature for a domestic feline? fever?

A

100.2-102.2; Over 102.2

99
Q

2 causes for an animal to have an elevated temperature when it is not ill or injured

A

Stress, excitement

100
Q

Obtaining the pulse rate of a patient assesses the condition of what body system?

A

cardiovascular

101
Q

Is the pulse rate obtained from an artery or vein? What vessel is the pulse rate most commonly obtained from in the dog and cat? Where is this vessel located?

A

artery; femoral artery; Medial thigh next to femur

102
Q

Where is the best anatomical location to count the heart rate by palpation?

A

Directly over the heart (sternum)

103
Q

How is the presence of a pulse deficit determined? Physiologically, what is occurring in the heart when a pulse deficit is present? What does a pulse deficit indicate?

A

Must auscultate heart rate and palpate pulse at the same time; fewer pulse beats than heart beats; cardiovascular disease

104
Q

bradycardia

A

slower than normal heart rate

105
Q

tachycardia

A

faster than normal heart rate

106
Q

How is the “pulse character” determined? What are the 3 terms used to describe the character of the pulse. Describe each and when it might be present.

A

Palpating the pulse; firm/regular; thread, bounding

107
Q

How is the respiratory rate of an animal obtained?

A

Observe either inspiration or expiration and count for 15 seconds then X 4=rpm

108
Q

What is meant by respiratory character?

A

type of breaths being taken

109
Q

tachypnea

A

higher than normal

110
Q

hyperpnea

A

deeper more rapid

111
Q

shallow

A

very little effort

112
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

113
Q

You are to auscultate the respiratory and cardiovascular systems of a patient. Give all the steps that should be taken during these procedures to assure that the sounds are heard clearly

A

a. ear pieces inserted correctly
b. select quiet location
c. press stethoscope head firmly against the patient’s body
d. attempt to close patient’s mouth if panting
e. best to have animal standing

114
Q

You are attempting to auscultate the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of a cat that is purring. What are several procedures that could be done in an attempt to stop the animal from purring?

A

Running water, alcohol, distractions

115
Q

You are to auscultate the respiratory and cardiovascular systems of a dog named Spike who has recently been hit by a car: optimal position for Spike to be in to hear his heart and
lung sounds clearly?

A

Standing if able

116
Q

(spike) How would you auscultate his respiratory system including all lung fields, larynx, and trachea?

A

At least 5 areas both right and left sides, and over the larynx

117
Q

(spike) If rhonchi or crepitations are heard, describe what you would be hearing

A

Rhonchi-wheezing, snoring Crepitations-crackles, popping sounds

118
Q

(spike) Physically, what causes the 2 audible heart sounds?

A

Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves S1, closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

119
Q

(spike) Anatomically, what is the best location to hear the heart sound of a dog? and cat?

A

Dog-left side of thorax near elbow, cat start at sternum and move
towards left side

120
Q

(spike) When obtaining the heart rate by auscultation, how long should you count for?

A

At least fifteen seconds

121
Q

(spike) You have obtained Spike’s heart rate by auscultation. You heard 20 beats in fifteen seconds. What would Spike’s heart rate be per minute?

A

80bpm

122
Q

What are the components of the respiratory tract?

A

trachea, lungs

123
Q

If a dog was to experience respiratory distress, what would be the first subtle sign? Later signs?

A

Abnormal sounds; dyspnea

124
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular or abnormal rhythm

125
Q

dysrhythmia

A

abnormality in a physiological rhythm

VTT 110 (12 decks)

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