Chapter One: Introduction to Gross Anatomy Flashcards
Anatomical Position
Body standing, feet flat on the floor, head upright, eyes straight ahead, arms by side with hands down, palms forward, fingers unclenched.
Superior and Inferior
Superior: above (shoulder superior to hip)
Inferior: below (spine is inferior to skull)
Medial and Lateral
Medial: toward centre (chest is medial to arm)
Lateral: toward sides of body (arm is lateral to chest)
Anterior and Posterior
Anterior: front of body (stomach)
Posterior: back of body (back)
Proximal and Distal
Proximal: close to body attachment
Distal: further away from body attachment (wrist is distal to the elbow)
Superficial and Deep
Superficial: closer to body surface (muscles are superficial to bones)
Deep: further into body (muscles are deep to skin)
Horizontal/Transverse
Perpendicular to vertical plane (cuts body in half separating top from bottom)
Coronal/Frontal
Divides body into anterior and posterior sections (like a tiara)
Sagittal
Divides the body into right and left portions
Simple Epithelial
One layer of cells thick
Stratified Epithelium
Multiple layers of cells thick
Squamous Epithelium
Flat cells
Cuboidal Epithelium
Cubic
Columnar Epithelium
Tall
Superficial Fascia
Form the insulating layer of the skin
Loose Connective Tissue
-Made up of cells and fibres
-Fills the spaces of the body and has many structural, metabolic, and immune functions
-Also makes up the superficial fascia of gross anatomy
Adipose Tissue
Loose connective tissue made up of fat cells
Ligaments
Connect one bone to the next