microbial nutrition

Question 1

what two groups can nutrients be divided into

Answer 1

macronutrients and micronutrients

Question 2

what are the macronutrients

Answer 2

C, H, O, N, S, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe

Question 3

how much macronutrients do we need

Answer 3

relatively large amounts

Question 4

what percentage of the dry weight of the cell do macronutrients make up

Answer 4

95% of dry weight

Question 5

what are the micronutrients

Answer 5

Mn, An, Co, Mo, Ni, Cu

Question 6

how much micronutrients do we need

Answer 6

trace amounts

Question 7

what three things do all organisms require (hint: __ source)

Answer 7

carbon source, electron source, and energy source

Question 8

what two groups are organisms in according to their carbon source

Answer 8

heterotroph or autotroph

Question 9

define heterotroph

Answer 9

use organic molecules as their carbon source

Question 10

define autotroph

Answer 10

use carbon dioxide as their carbon source

Question 11

what two groups are organisms in according to their energy source

Answer 11

phototroph or chemotroph

Question 12

define phototroph

Answer 12

use light as an energy source

Question 13

define chemotroph

Answer 13

use oxidation of chemical compounds as an energy source

Question 14

what two groups are organisms in according to their electron source

Answer 14

lithotroph or organotroph

Question 15

define lithotroph

Answer 15

use reduced inorganic substances as an electron source (ie H2S, Fe2+, NO2-)

Question 16

define organotroph

Answer 16

use organic compounds as an electron source (ie glucose)

Question 17

to name an organism with respect to carbon, electron, and energy source, what order do we put these three categories in

Answer 17

energy, electron, then carbon

Question 18

how is oxygen obtained as a macronutrient

Answer 18

H2O, O2, and from organic compounds

Question 19

what is N needed for in an organism

Answer 19

DNA, RNA, nucleotides, amino acid synthesis, + some carbs and lipids and enzyme cofactors contain N

Question 20

how is nitrogen obtained as a macronutrient

Answer 20

organic molecules, ammonia, nitrate, atmospheric N (N2)

Question 21

what is P needed for in organisms

Answer 21

needed in ATP, phospholipids, DNA, and some proteins

Question 22

how is phosphorous obtained as a macronutrient

Answer 22

most organisms make use of inorganic phosphate and incorporate it directly into their cells

Question 23

what is S needed for in organisms

Answer 23

to make some amino acids to make proteins, found in certain vitamins (ie biotin and thiamine)

Question 24

how is sulfur obtained as a macronutrient

Answer 24

most microbes use sulfate as a source of sulfur after reducing it

Question 25

what are growth factors

Answer 25

organic compounds + essential cell components that the cell cannot synthesize

Question 26

how do we obtain growth factors

Answer 26

from the environment

Question 27

T or F: all microbes require growth factors

Answer 27

false

Question 28

define fastidious

Answer 28

refers to an organism that requires a lot of growth factors

Question 29

what is a name for an organism that requires a lot of growth factors

Answer 29

fastidious

Question 30

what are the three classes of growth factors

Answer 30

amino acids, purines and pyrimidines, and vitamins