Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AQA A Level History Industrialisation and the People: Britain 1783-1885 (1F) > Chapter 16 - The Conservative response to change > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - The Conservative response to change Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most debated act of Peel’s 1841-46 ministry?

A

His repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the country in the middle of when Peel took over in 1841?

A

An economic slump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What economic legacy did the previous Whig government leave for Peel in 1841?

A

A budget deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was the Condition of England question?

A

Dissatisfaction among the populace with living and working conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were some characteristics of typical Tory MPs when Peel took office in 1841?

A

Anglican, Protectionist, anti-Reform, satisfied with the status quo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In Peel’s opinion, where did the key to solving the country’s problems in 1841 lie?

A

Economic reforms to achieve national prosperity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were Peel’s economic objectives in 1841?

A

Stabilise government finances and stimulate trade and industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Peel believe economic reforms could do?

A

Lower the cost of living, lower unemployment and consequently reduce discontent and distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 3 future Prime Ministers did Peel’s cabinet contain in 1841-46?

A

William Gladstone, Lord Stanley (Earl of Derby) and Lord Aberdeen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who was Peel’s Chancellor of the Exchequer?

A

Henry Goulburn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who was Peel’s Home Secretary?

A

Sir James Graham

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why was the Duke of Buckingham, a protectionist Tory, made Peel’s Lord Privy Seal?

A

To satisfy the agricultural interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who did Peel appoint as President of the Board of Trade in 1843?

A

William Gladstone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why did the Earl of Derby resign as PM in 1845?

A

Due to quarrels over the Corn Laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 3 economic measures did Peel introduce in the 1842 budget?

A
  1. Peacetime income tax
  2. Tariffs cut
  3. Sliding Scale for Corn Laws further adjusted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the rate of the 1842 income tax?

A

Those earning more than £150 a year had to pay 7p on every £1 they earned, which was around 3% of their income

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How much money did Peel calculate that the income tax of 1842 would raise?

A

£4 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What were reduced tariffs under Peel in line with?

A

Free trade policies which had been adopted by Pitt and Huskisson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How did Peel calculate that reduced tariffs would boost the economy?

A

It would mean lower prices for finished goods, leading to greater demand and therefore more employment for those making the goods

20
Q

What did the 1842 Mines Act do?

A

Prohibited underground employment for women and children

21
Q

What further free trade measures did Peel introduce in his 1845 budget?

A
  • He renewed income tax for a further 3 years
  • Abolished duties on raw cotton and most other raw materials
  • Reduced duties on imported sugar
22
Q

Where was most sugar imported from in 1845?

A

British colonies

23
Q

What percentage of government income did income tax provide by 1845?

A

Around 10%

24
Q

What was the only major tariff which existed in 1845?

A

A 10% duty on manufactured goods

25
Q

What was an effect of Peel’s reduction of the Corn Law sliding scale in 1842?

A

Steadier bread prices

26
Q

What was the Devon Commission?

A

An investigation into land tenancy in Ireland

27
Q

When was the Devon Commission?

A

1843

28
Q

What were Royal Commissions of Inquiry used for by Peel?

A

To report on economic and social issues of the day

29
Q

What attempted reform was rejected by Parliament in 1843 and why?

A

An attempt to introduce a compulsory 2 hours schooling per day for factory children, which was rejected over arguments on which religious denomination would provide the education

30
Q

What administrative reforms did Peel introduce from 1841-46?

A
  • Set up district bankruptcy courts
  • Imprisonment for small debtors ended
  • Uniform system of district county courts introduced
31
Q

What allowed Peel to introduce a policy of concession in Ireland?

A

Daniel O’Connell’s arrest

32
Q

Who did Peel hope to win over with a policy of concession in Ireland?

A

Educated Catholics

33
Q

What was the Maynooth Grant?

A

A grant to the college where Catholic priests were trained

34
Q

When did Peel increase the Maynooth Grant?

A

1845

35
Q

Who were annoyed by the increased Maynooth Grant and why?

A

Anglicans, Nonconformists and Conservative MPs, who felt that it was an implication of support for Catholicism over the established church in Ireland

36
Q

What did Peel’s Irish Reforms fail to do?

A

Solve the country’s serious economic problems or the poverty of much of its population.

37
Q

When was Peel’s Bank Charter Act introduced?

A

1844

38
Q

What was Peel’s objective in introducing the 1844 Bank Charter Act?

A

To increase confidence in the British currency

39
Q

What did the 1844 Bank Charter Act do?

A

Confirmed that the Bank of England was allowed to issue notes (provided that they were supported by gold after over £14 million worth had been issued), and severely restricted the amount of notes which any other bank could issue. Also mandated weekly publishing of accounts.

40
Q

Why was the 1844 Bank Charter Act necessary?

A

Because expanding industry needed larger loans, which small banks could not provide

41
Q

Why was the success of Peel’s 1844 Bank Charter Act crucial to the rest of his economic policy?

A

The powerful economic interests in Britain, such as cotton, depended on a sound currency and economic trade, and the reform boosted investor confidence.

42
Q

What did the Joint Stock Companies Act of 1844 do?

A
  • Introduced a salaried Registrar of Companies
  • Made it compulsory for any company with more than 25 members and transferable shares to be on a new Companies’ register
  • Every registered company had to produce regularly audited balance sheets
43
Q

What companies were exempted from the Joint Stock Companies Act of 1844?

A

Those formed by a special act of Parliament, such as railway companies

44
Q

Why was legislation proposed by Gladstone (under Peel) to control railway companies rejected?

A

The majority of MPs held shares in railway companies, and around 90 were company directors

45
Q

What Act of Parliament did Gladstone extend under Peel and what did this allow?

A

An 1840 one which set up the Board of Trade Railway Department, which allowed inspection of railways by paid officials

AQA A Level History Industrialisation and the People: Britain 1783-1885 (1F) (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions