Chapter 2

Question 1

DNA?

Answer 1

chemical substance that determines nature and function of each cell

Question 2

Genes?

Answer 2

Basic unit of genetic information

Question 3

Autosomes?

Answer 3

23 pairs of chromosomes, normal body cell

Question 4

Allosomes?

Answer 4

Gamets- ovum and sperm and 23 chromosomes

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

cell replication, asexual

Question 6

Meiosis

Answer 6

the process of the egg and sperm fermentation

Question 7

Monozygotic Twins

Answer 7

Twins who are generally identical

-occurs from a cluster of cells splitting after fertilization

Question 8

Dizygotic twins

Answer 8

Twins who are non identical

-two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperms

Question 9

What causes the sex of the child?

Answer 9

The sperm determines sex because xx is females and xy is male and the ovum will always be x and the sperm can be either x or y

Question 10

Pea plant experiment(MENDEL)

Answer 10

planted yellow and green pea plants and discovered dominant and recessive traits.
Dominat is YY recessive is yy

Question 11

Genotype vs Phenotype

Answer 11

Genotype is the coronation of genetic material and phenotype is what you can see.

Question 12

Polygenic traits

Answer 12

Traits whose inheritance is controlled by multiple gene pairs

Question 13

Homozygous vs heterozygous

Answer 13

homozygous is when a person receives the same allels YY heterozygous is when they have different allels Yy

Question 14

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 14

The process of inheriting polygenic traits eg skin colour

Question 15

Reaction range?

Answer 15

is the degree of variability in the expression of a trait depending on the environment.

Question 16

Multifactorial transmission

Answer 16

process where traits are determined by both genetic factors and environmental factors.

Question 17

Three stages of development?

Answer 17

1.germinal stage (0-2 weeks)
2.Embryonic stage (2-8 weeks)
3. Fetal stage (8weeks-birth)

Question 18

What happens in germinal stage?

Answer 18

The zygote turns to a blastocyst and then implantation occurs. the umbilical cord and placenta start to form, the placenta develops from the mothers cells and the umbilical cord develops from the babies cells.

Question 19

What happens in the embryonic stage?

Answer 19

organism is called an embryo and organs start to develope from three layers the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. brain starts to show weak electrical activity. starts to resemble a person

Question 20

The three layers in the embryonic stage.

Answer 20

endoderm develops digestive system and respiratory system, the mesoderm develops muscle bones and circulatory system, the ectoderm develops skin hair teeth and nervous system

Question 21

What happenes in fetal stage?

Answer 21

The child is called a fetus and the organs become more developed and start working. The fetus can move.