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Microbiology > Mid Term 1 Review Questions (members of the microbial world) > Flashcards

Mid Term 1 Review Questions (members of the microbial world) Flashcards

1
Q

what molecules make up viruses?

A
  • nucleic acid
  • protein coat
  • some have a lipid membrane (enveloped)
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2
Q

what do viruses infect?

A
  • living cells, termed “hosts”
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3
Q

what do viruses do when they’re not insideahost?

A
  • they are inactive outside of their hosts, making them “obligate intracellular parasites”
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4
Q

what can viruses infect?

A
  • all forms of life can be infected by different viruses
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5
Q

what size are acellular infectious agents?

A

0.02-0.4 microns

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6
Q

a cell is 0.02-0.4 microns. what cell type is it?

A

acellular infectious agent

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7
Q

what size are prokaryotes?

A

0.1-5 microns

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8
Q

if a cell is 0.1-5 microns, what is it?

A

prokaryote

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9
Q

if a cell is 10 to 100 microns, what is it?

A

eukaryote

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10
Q

what size are eukaryotes?

A

10-100 microns

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11
Q

how are viroids like viruses? unlike?

A

like: obligate intracellular agents
unlike: simpler, only a single, short piece of RNA. no protein produced.

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12
Q

if something can infect plants and only plants, what is it?

A

viroids

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13
Q

is a bacteria-single celled or multi-celled?

A

single

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14
Q

what is the name of the group that contains bacteria and archeae?

A

prokaryotes

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15
Q

describe the nucleus of a bacterial cell

A

it doesn’t have one

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16
Q

describe the membrane-bound organelles of bacteria

A

no membrane-bound organelles EXCEPT for the many exceptions to this rule

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17
Q

where do bacterial cells store DNA?

A

nucleoid

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18
Q

if a cell has peptidoglycan, then it is…

A

a bacterial cell

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19
Q

how do bacteria multiply?

A

binary fission

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20
Q

how do many bacteria move?

A

not all, but some have flagella

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21
Q

are archaea single-celled or multi-celled?

A

single celled

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22
Q

how do archaea multiply?

A

binary fission

23
Q

how do some archaea move?

A

some move with flagella

24
Q

describe the cell walls of bacteria

A

rigid, contains peptidoglycan

25
Q

describe the cell walls of archaea

A

rigid

26
Q

name three ways that archaea cells are different than bacteria

A
  1. cell walls contain no peptidoglycan
  2. ribosomal RNA sequences are different
  3. no known pathogens
27
Q

extremophiles are usually what member of the microbial world?

A

archaea

28
Q

what four types of eukaryotes have we studied in class?

A
  1. algae
  2. protozoa
  3. helminths
  4. fungi
29
Q

what does the term eukarya mean? why does that matter?

A

“true nucleus.” they have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.

30
Q

what groups make up the protists?

A

algae and protozoa

31
Q

which is larger, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

eukaryotes

32
Q

are algae normally considered pathogens?

A

no

33
Q

are algae single-celled or multi-celled?

A

either.

34
Q

how do algae get energy? why’s that important?

A

sunlight. they are photosynthetic, and contain chloroplast.

35
Q

where do algae primarily live?

A

in water

36
Q

describe algae cell walls

A

rigid

37
Q

how do many algae move?

A

flagella, different than prokaryotes

38
Q

which type of cells have a rigid cell wall?

A

prokaryotes
algae

39
Q

if a cell has flagella, which type of cell could it be?

A

bacteria, archaea, algae,

40
Q

what conditions best facilitate fungal growth?

A

cool, damp, moist, low pH

41
Q

are fungi single-celled or multi-cellular?

A

either. single: yeasts, multi: molds, mushrooms

42
Q

what do fungi use for energy?

A

organic materials

43
Q

where do fungi usually live?

A

on land

44
Q

what typesofeukaryotes get their energy from organic materials

A

fungi, helminths, protozoa

45
Q

are protozoa single-celled or multi-cellular?

A

single celled

46
Q

which cell types are single-celled?

A

protozoa, bacteria, archaea

47
Q

describe the cell wall of protozoa

A

NOT RIGID

48
Q

if a cell is eukaryotic and doesn’t have a rigid cell wall, it could be a…

A

protozoa

49
Q

name two diseases caused by protozoa

A

PMG:protozoa,giadiasis,malaria
giardiasis, malaria

50
Q

name two diseases caused by fungi

A

valley fever, pneumonia

51
Q

which is the most motile member of the eukaryotes?

A

protozoa

52
Q

name two diseases caused by worms

A

tape worms, schistosomiasis

53
Q

which cells MAY be beneficial for autoimmune disorders? how do they do it?

A

helminths. dampen autoimmune disorders.

54
Q

are helminths single-celled or multi-celled?

A

macroscopic adults but microscopic eggs and larvae

Microbiology (45 decks)

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