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ANATOMY > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

muscular tissue?

A

movement of skeleton, beating of heart, movement of food through digestive system

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2
Q

connective tissue?

A

makes up bone, cartilage, and blood; connects organs together

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3
Q

nervous tissue?

A

conducts electrical impulses through the brain, spinal cord and nerves

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4
Q

epithelial tissue?

A

makes up skin, lining of internal pathways, and glands

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5
Q

all tissues are made of….?

A

cells

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6
Q

nucleus?

A

controlled center, contains genetic information

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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum?

A

synthesizes proteins and ships them around the cell

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8
Q

mitochondria?

A

converts food into ATP

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9
Q

golgi apparatus?

A

transports material around the cell in sacs called vesicles

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10
Q

lysosomes?

A

break down waste

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11
Q

centrioles?

A

aid in cell division

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12
Q

vacuoles?

A

store nutrients and water

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13
Q

cell?

A

basic unit of all living matter (adult=over 10 trillion cells)

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14
Q

cytoplasm?

A

substance of a cell outside of the nucleus

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15
Q

chromosomes?

A

46 in each body cell nucleus (23 pair)
-made of DNA, which codes for all the processes the cell does

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16
Q

DNA is shaped like a…?

A

double helix

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17
Q

DNA is used to….?

A

code for all of the proteins required by the body

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18
Q

A always bonds with…?

A

T

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19
Q

C always bonds with…?

A

G

20
Q

transcription?

A

the process of converting the DNA code into an mRNA message

21
Q

translation?

A

the mRNA strands leaves the cells nucleus and heads to the ribosome, where proteins are made

22
Q

cell division?

A

when a large cell grows too large, the time necessary to brin in nutrients and remove waste gets inefficient
-to prevent this, cells divide on a regular cycle

23
Q

mitosis?

A

the period of division in somatic cells
-division of chromosomes and then cytoplasm
-one parent cell makes TWO IDENTICAL “daughter cells”

24
Q

meiosis?

A

the period of division in sex cells (gametes)
-division of chromosomes and then cytoplasm
-one parent cell makes FOUR DIFFERENT “daughter cells”

25
Q

passive transport?

A

cells need to move materials in and out
-use specialized, semi-permeable membranes

26
Q

diffusion (passive transport)?

A

-with concentration gradient
-moves from areas of HIGH to lox concentration

27
Q

simple diffusion?

A

movement of particles through bilayer from high to low concentration

28
Q

dialysis diffusion (passive transport)?

A

diffusion of small solute particles through selectively permeable membrane

29
Q

osmosis diffusion (passive transport)?

A

diffusion of water

30
Q

facilitated diffusion (passive transport)?

A

diffusion of particles though membrane with help of carrier proteins

31
Q

active transport?

A

moves molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration
-DOES require energy

32
Q

endocytosis (active transport)?

A

“into cell”

33
Q

phagocytosis?

A

“to eat”

34
Q

pinocytosis?

A

“to drink”

35
Q

exocytosis (active transport)?

A

“out of cell”

36
Q

enzymes are…?

A

VERY SPECIFIC

37
Q

catabolism?

A

big things to little things

38
Q

anabolism?

A

little things to big things

39
Q

embryonic development of tissues?

A

after fertilization, the cell divides and becomes a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst

40
Q

endoderm?

A

innermost layer of cells or tissue

41
Q

mesoderm?

A

the middle layer of an embryo

42
Q

ectoderm?

A

outer most layer of an embryo

43
Q

histogenesis?

A

when the tissue layer differentiate into tissues

44
Q

epithelial tissue?

A

-protects from injury and foreign particles
-found in skin, nose, eye, and ear
-includes hormone, mucus, digestive juices and sweat
-absorbs nutrients and gases in lungs
-excretes in kidney and urine

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CELL SHAPE AND NUMBER OF LAYERS

45
Q

simple squamous?

A

single flay layer of cells that are thin and permeable
-function: rapid diffusion of materials
-found in blood vessels and lung tissues

46
Q

simple cuboidal?

A

single layer of cube shaped cells
-function: secretion and absorption of substances
-found in the tissues of the kidney

ANATOMY (24 decks)

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