Lecture 1. Immunology

Question 1

What is immunology ?

Answer 1

The hosts defense response to infection

Question 2

What resists small pox ?

Answer 2

A family of cytokines called interferons

Question 3

What are inflammatory diseases caused by ?

Answer 3

Out of control immune system

Question 4

How are tumour cells killed ?

Answer 4

Using the CD8 system

Question 5

What is the checkpoint blockade ?

Answer 5

This is a blockage of the checkpoint that the tumour puts down to kill the immune system

Question 6

What did transplantation result in ?

Answer 6

The discovery of the major histocompatability complex

Question 7

How does sepsis occur ?

Answer 7

Out of control macrophages

Question 8

What helps rheumatoid arthiritis ?

Answer 8

Blocking TNF

Question 9

What is required for a vaccine to work ?

Answer 9

An adjuvant to get the immune system going

Question 10

What does the rheumatoid joint fill up with ?

Answer 10

White blood cells such as T-lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 11

How does the resistance that the immune system provides occur ?

Answer 11

Genetic - through polymorphisms

Question 12

What did Lady Wortley Montague introduce ?

Answer 12

The Turkish method of using blister fluid from small pox virus lesions

Question 13

What did Pasteur explore ?

Answer 13

Attenuation of anthrax, rabies and diptheria

Question 14

What did Von Behring discover ?

Answer 14

Antibodies

Question 15

What does Mechnikov discover ?

Answer 15

Phagocytes

Question 16

What did Wright do ?

Answer 16

Connect phagocytes and antibodies (opsonisation)

Question 17

What did Landsteiner do ?

Answer 17

Show antiboides can be raised to man made chemicals (purified)

Question 18

What did Doherty and Zinkernagel discover ?

Answer 18

MHC Class 1 presents viral antigen

Question 19

What did Beutler, Hoffmann and Steinman discover ?

Answer 19

Innate immunity and dendritic cells

Question 20

What are the two types of immunity ?

Answer 20

1. Innate
2. Adaptive

Question 21

What are the cell types involved in innate immunity ?

Answer 21

1. Neutrophils
2. Mast cells
3. Macrophages
4. Dendritic cells
5. Natural killer cells

Question 22

What are the mediators in the innate immunity ?

Answer 22

1. Many cytokines
2. Chemokines
3. Complement
4. Acute phase proteins

Question 23

What are the cell types in the adaptive immunity ?

Answer 23

1. T-cells
2. B-cells

Question 24

What are the mediators in adaptive immunity ?

Answer 24

1. Antibodies
2. Cytokines

Question 25

What do macrophages require for the successful defeat of bacteria ?

Answer 25

Opsonisation and antibodies

Question 26

How do allergies often occur ?

Answer 26

Overproduction of antibodies for example IGE

Question 27

What do T-cells make ?

Answer 27

Cytokines

Question 28

What activates cells ?

Answer 28

Cytokines IL6 and IL4

Question 29

What do dendritic cells do ?

Answer 29

Present antigens to cytokines

Question 30

What immunity has memory ?

Answer 30

Adaptice

Question 31

What recognises PAMPs ?

Answer 31

Pattern recognition receptors

Question 32

What is the PAMP in bacteria ?

Answer 32

LPS

Question 33

What is the PAMP in humans ?

Answer 33

TL4

Question 34

What is the function of TL4 ?

Answer 34

Drives interferons