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Social Studies 8 > Medieval Europe > Flashcards

Medieval Europe Flashcards

1
Q

Renaissance

A

A historical period that originated in Italy in teh 14th century (1300’s)
Known for revival of Classic art, architecture, literature and learning

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2
Q

Where did the word renaissance come from?

A

From the french word renaître meaning to be born again

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3
Q

What does the rebirth refer to?

A

A period of creativity based on the rediscovery of ancient greek and roman ways of thinking and the other groups teh europeans came into contact with

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4
Q

What did western europe ignore

A

Many ideas that were found in documents for nearly 100 years

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5
Q

How did they start to discover new ideas of thinking

A

From the muslim and jewish scholars that has written these classical documents

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6
Q

Feudalism

A

A political-economic-social system of land ownership which was in place in most of Europe and in the medieval ages

Based on land, loyalty and duty

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7
Q

The feudal Hierarchy

A
  1. King
  2. Nobles
  3. Knights
  4. Commoners (peasants)
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8
Q

How does feudalism work

A
  1. King or queen gives land to high ranking nobles for their service (army)
  2. The noble divides their land to give to lower ranking nobles for their service
  3. The lower ranking nobles give a portion of their land to the knights
  4. Serfs give their tax (part of their crops) to the knights which goes back up the pyramid
  5. If the king or queen go to war they summon all their nobles and knights as their army
    The king summons the nobles, nobles summon teh lower ranking nobles and so on creating an army
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9
Q

Life as a serf

A

Serfs weren’t allowed to leave the manor without the lords permission

For their loyalty nobles offered them protection from invaders

Serfs were not allowed to own weapons

Some (very few) peasants were freemen who rented land from the lord or worked for pay

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10
Q

Medieval women

A

Women were property of their fathers until married

After marriage they are property of their husbands

Expected to marry within their class and have children

Female serfs had slightly more freedom that noblewoman they could work alongside their husbands (most just had to survive)

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11
Q

What was the economy of the medieval period based on?

A

Agriculture

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12
Q

What were peasants houses made of?

A

Hay
Wood
Straw

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13
Q

Which building was made out of stone

A

Lords manor house

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14
Q

What was the church used for?

A

Prayer
Marriages
Keeping records

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15
Q

How were fields organized for crops?

A

Organized into longs strips to make plowing easier
The plows were difficult to turn

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16
Q

What was a glebe?

A

The land that each church owned

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17
Q

Tithe

A

Money or property given to the church as tax it would be 10% of your yearly income

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18
Q

Tithe barn

A

Where the church would collect the tithe (produce) from the farmers

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19
Q

What would the medieval people eat?

A

Based on their local climate and the plants and animals available to them

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20
Q

How were people choices dictated?

A

By their social status

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21
Q

Examples of foods the Serfs ate

A

Barley
Bread
Luxuries included:
Pork
Chicken
Cheese

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22
Q

Examples of foods the nobility ate

A

Wheat barley
Beef
Chicken
Pork
Wild game (deer, birds)

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23
Q

Where do towns revolve around?

A

Castles
Palaces
Monasteries

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24
Q

Describe how towns would look like?

A

Surrounded by stone walls
Crowded
Full of rats
Dirty
But they’re places that offer freedom and new opportunities

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25
Q

What was a guild?

A

A production of
Goods
Production services
Trade in the towns was organized by the guild

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26
Q

What did the guild do?

A

Controlled prices
Set quality standards
Decided if someone would be trained as an apprentice

27
Q

Apprentice

A

Start at the age of 8 or 9 usually

Parents would pay for training

Trained 2-7 years

Was not allowed to marry during training

Required to obey master

Lived with master and his family

Progress to journeyman

28
Q

Journeyman

A

Worked for master to earn salary

Work 6 days a week

Need to produce his finest work to become master

Had to be accepted by guild to become master

29
Q

Master

A

Owned his own shop
Worked with other masters to protect their trade
Sometimes served in civic government

30
Q

Gaining wealth

A

When acquired skills and wealth in some places you have the opportunity to «move up» in society

31
Q

New middle class

A

They formed new middle class that and not existed before

32
Q

Breaking the hierarchy

A

This drive a wedge between the commoners and the knights which caused major problems

33
Q

Sumptuary laws

A

Laws that restricted what people of certain classes could buy

34
Q

Why were sumptuary laws created?

A

Because people were very interested in displaying their wealth through their
Clothing
Cosmetics
Furniture
Decorations
Food

35
Q

Who created the sumptuary laws?

A

The nobility

36
Q

Monotheism

A

The belief in one god

37
Q

What were the three major beliefs at the medieval period?

A

Christianity
Islam
Judaism

38
Q

What were the origins of the three major beliefs at the medieval period?

A

Christianity: Jesus 1st century CE Jerusalem
Islam: Mohammed 7th century CE Saudi Arabia
Judaism: Abraham 15th century CE Israel

39
Q

What are the top authority of the three major religions in the medieval period?

A

Christianity: Pope
Islam: Kaliph
Judaism: Rabbis

40
Q

What were the holy books of the three major religions of teh medieval period?

A

Christianity: Bible
Islam: Quran
Judaism: Tanakh

41
Q

What is the place of worship for the three major religions in teh medieval period?

A

Christianity: Church
Islam: Mosque
Judaism: Synagogue

42
Q

Where was the largest population of the three major religions in the medieval period?

A

Christianity: Europe, Middle East, Euthopia
Islam: Northern Africa, Middle East, Spain, Central Asia
Judaism: Spain, Iraq, Poland

43
Q

Medieval christians

A

Western Europe was very religious based on faith in the Roman Catholic Church

Life was very hard in medieval times: Sickness, war, constant threat

Hope for a better life after death

Believe they go to heaven after death

Both rich and poor gave tithe to the church hoping to be rewarded in teh afterlife

44
Q

What was tithe mainly used for?

A

To expand influence and build thousands of churches across Europe

45
Q

Medieval Islam

A

Centred mostly in Spain and Portugal

Libraries and Universities were built and islamic Spain was a center of medieval learning

46
Q

Medieval Judaism

A

Lived in both islamic and christian europe at the time

Were a small minority

Discrimination against was harsh

They were banned from most professions and focused on academics, jewellers, physicians and money traders

Forced to live in ghettos

Removed from general population in cities

47
Q

Who were the literate people in society?

A

The nobility and clergy

48
Q

Why would the nobility and clergy not want the commoners to be literate?

A

Can only gain knowledge by what theyre told
Can’t think for themselves

49
Q

Clergy

A

People mainly men who worked for the church

50
Q

Why was travel rare?

A

Expensive
Difficult
Serfs we’re not allowed to leave the manor without the lords permission

51
Q

Who were the groups that travel was limited to?

A
  1. People making religious pilgrimages
  2. Knights for military expeditions
  3. Merchants, Bankers, Messengers travelling for business purposes
  4. Performers
  5. Monarchs and high ranking nobility (King, Queens, Lords)
52
Q

What was the center of the known world on the Psalter map?

A

Jerusalem
Because Jesus lived and died there so it’s a holy place too

53
Q

How did Abraham Ortelius map change worldview?

A

There’s more than just Europe, Asia and Africa

Jerusalem isn’t the center Europe is the center

54
Q

How did the Black plague start?

A

It’s originated in Central East Asia

Reached Europe in 1347 through infected fleas and rats that travelled on cargo ships across the Mediterranean Sea

Most fatal pandemic in human history with a death toll of over 25 million people

55
Q

Bacteria of the Black plague

A

Called Yersinia Pestis

56
Q

Common symptoms of the Black plague

A

Fever

Chills

Headache

57
Q

Treatment of the Black plague

A

Modern antibiotics

No vaccine

58
Q

What are the 3 forms of the plague?

A
  1. Bubonic
  2. Pneumonic
  3. Septicimic
59
Q

What is the other word for the Black plague?

A

The Bubonic plague

60
Q

What effects did the black plague have on society in Europe?

A

Serfs we’re released from the bonds to their land

Increased Urbanization

Commoners revolted against the nobility because of their frustrations and lack of help provided

Entire families and communities were wiped out

61
Q

What effects did the black plague have on the economy?

A

Severe labour shortages

Nobles went bankrupt and had to rent or sell their land to serfs

Shortage of available goods and services resulting in economic downturn

62
Q

What effects did the black plague have on beliefs and values?

A

Some lost faith in religion and gods ability to help them

Some became more religious thinking the plague was a punishment from god and they needed to cleanse themselves from sin

63
Q

What effects did the black plague have on knowledge?

A

People had no knowledge of how diseases spread therefore couldn’t stop it

Most peoples perception of why it started were based on superstition, racism and misunderstanding of anatomy and biology

64
Q

What effects did the black plague have on geography?

A

Merchants still travelled spreading the plague further into Europe

Starting from the Mediterranean Sea going further north into Europe

Social Studies 8 (9 decks)

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