Menopause Flashcards
Menopause
Cessation of menstruation after 12 months of amenorrhea without any pathologic cause
Perimenopause
Time of life from the onset of ovarian dysfunction until 1 year after the last menstrual period
Postmenopause
1 year since last menstrual period
Age of menopause
45- 55 years
Risk factors
Iatrogenic causes
Premature ovarian failure
Resistant ovary syndrome
Premature Menopause
Before the age of 40 years
Premature ovarian failure features?
Elevated FSH and LH
Low Estradiol
Biological appearance of ovary as that of menopausal ovary
Premature ovarian failure causes?
Turner syndrome
Enzyme def.
Hypothyroidism
Chemotherapy
Infection
Radiotherapy
Symptoms of menopause?
Immediate symptoms (1-5 yr)
Intermediate symptoms (3-10 yrs)
Delayed symtoms (>10 yrs)
Immediate symptoms of menopause
hot flushes or night sweats with bad sleep
mood swings
lethargy and lack of energy
depressed mood
changes in memory or cognitive function
Intermediate symptoms of menopause
Loss of sexual desire, arousal
Dyspareunia
Urogenital atrophy ( thining of vulva, vaginal dryness, urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia)
Recurrent infections
Delayed symptoms of menopause
MI
Stroke
Increased Cholesterol
Decreased HDL
Increased LDL
Normal Triglycerides
Osteoporosis
Management of menopause
Lifestyle changes
Non-hormonal Ways
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Lifestyle changes
Stop smoking and drinking
Exercise
Vaginal dryness management
Pessaries, ring or tablet
