Osteology of the skull Flashcards
What is the function of the skull?
Protection of: the Brain and brain stem, vasculature and the cranial nerves
Attachment of muscles
identity
How are flat bones formed?
how are irregular bones formed?
what is a pneumatised bone and its function?
Flat bones are formed by intramembrous ossification
irregular bones are formed by endochondrial ossification
a pneumatised bone is a bone with air sockets. Its function is to reduce weight and to add resonance to voice.
What are the three divisions of the skull and their basic constituents?
The neurocranium - main bony capsule of the skull inc skullcap and base
viscerocranium - facial bones
mandible
Name the bones of the neurocranium
(starting top right and moving clockwise)
parietal
occiputal
temporal
sphenoid
ethmoid
frontal
Name the bones of the viscerocranium
start top right and move clockwise
Nasal
Inferior nasal concha
maxilla
Mandible
vomer
palatine
Zygomatic
ethmoid
lacrimal
What are the main features of the neurocranium?
Mastoid process
temporal fossa
Styloid process
external accoustic miatus
Wha are the main features of the viscerocranium?
The zygomatic arch
the infratemporal fossa (deep to the zygomatic arch)
the mandible
What are the borders of the temporal fossa?
Anteriorly: zygomatic process of the frontal bone, frontal process of the zygomatic bone
Superiority / posteriorly: superior + inferior temporal lines
inferior: infratemporal crest (deep to the zygomatic arch)
What are the features of the lateral view of the skull?
TR clockwise
Bregma
coronal suture
pterion
glabella
Naison
osterion
inion
lamboid suture
lambda
What are the features of the vertical view of the skull?
Frontal bone
bregma
saggital suture
Parietal foramen
Lambda
occipital bone
lamboid suture
Parietal bone
What are the features of the posterior view of the skull?
Saggital suture, parietal bone, occipital bone, occipital-mastoid suture, superior nunchal line, inion, external occipital crest, inferior nuchal line, mastoid process, mastoid notch, external occipital protrudence, lamboid suture, parietal bone, sutural bone/accessory
What are the features of the skull from the frontal view?
Supercilliary arch, supra orbital notch, zygomatic process, frontal process, nasal crest, anterior nasal spine, oblique line, mental protruberence, inferior nasal concha, piriform aperture, naison, glabella, frontal bone
What are the features of the skull from the base view pt1
Palatine bone, choanae, medial plate and then lateral plate of pterygoid process, pterygoid process of sphenoid bone, occipital bone, temporal bone, greater wing of sphenoid bone, vomer
Features of the base of the skull pt2
Incisive foramen, foramen ovale, foramen spinosium, hyperglossal canal, foramen magnum, jugular foramen, carotid canal, greater palatine foramen
Name the sinuses
Frontal
ethmoid cells
maxillary
