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Ellis County Paramedic Students > A&P Chapter 7 > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

A passive circulatory system that transports a plasma-like liquid called lymph, a thin fluid that bathes the tissues of the body

A

Lymphatic System

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2
Q

A naturally occuring hormone that also may be given as a cardiac drug and has alpha and beta effects; also called epinephrine

A

Adrenaline

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3
Q

A disease that is caused by infection or one that is capable of being transmitted to another person with or without direct contact

A

Infectious Disease

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4
Q

One of two great lymph vessels; it empties into the superior vena cava

A

Thoracic Duct

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5
Q

Thin-walled vessels through which lymph circulates in the body, they travel close to the major arteries and veins

A

Lymphatic Vessels

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6
Q

Tiny tubes formed from lymphatic capillaries that merge to form larger vessels

A

Lymphatic Pathways

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7
Q

An immune response that is predictable each time the body is exposed to a particular challenge. One that protects the body from pathogens involving mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, fever, or species resistance

A

Innate (Nonspecific) Defense

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8
Q

An abnormal immune response in which the body attacks its own tissues

A

Autoimmunity

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9
Q

One of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils. They are located in the back of the throat, on each side of the posterior opening of the oral cavity, and help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and throat

A

Palatine Tonsils

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10
Q

A substance that normally does not stimulate an immune response but can be combined with an antigen and at a later point initiate an antibody response; found in certain drugs, dust particles, animal dander, and various chemicals

A

Hapten

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11
Q

The form into which T cells differentiate when activated by an antigen; they remain within the body, ready to respond to a second challenge

A

Memory T Cells

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12
Q

Any swelling of the lymph nodes, with or without pain

A

Lymphadenopathy

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13
Q

Inflammation of a lymph node caused by infection

A

Lymphadenitis

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14
Q

Round or bean-shaped structures interspersed along the course of the lymph vessels, which filter the lymph and serve as a source of lymphocytes

A

Lymph Nodes

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15
Q

An extreme systemic form of an allergic reaction involving two or more body systems

A

Anaphylaxis

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16
Q

A substance that includes antigens that stimulate an immune response against a particular pathogen

A

Vaccine

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17
Q

A large collection of lymph nodes located in the groin

A

Inguinal Nodes

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18
Q

The smaller of the two collecting ducts; it receives lymph from the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax

A

Right Lymphatic Duct

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19
Q

Vessels of the lymphatic system that carry fluid away from the tissues and toward one of the great lymph vessels

A

Lymphatic Capillaries

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20
Q

Antigens; chemicals that stimulate B cells to produce antibodies or allergies

A

Allergens

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21
Q

Spaces inside lymph nodes that comprise complex channels through which lymph moves

A

Lymph Sinuses

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22
Q

Tissue that is denser than diffuse lymphatic tissue, found in the loose connective tissue of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems

A

Lymph Nodules

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23
Q

Organisms of microscopic size

A

Microorganisms

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24
Q

One of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils, they are located near the internal opening of the nasal cavity and help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose. Also called adenoids

A

Pharyngeal Tonsils

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25
Q

A gland that is larger in children but shrinks with age; it secretes thymosins, which are important in early immunity by affecting production and differentiation of lymphocytes

A

Thymus

26
Q

The appearance of concentrations of antibodies in the blood plasma, usually 5-10 days after exposure to antigens

A

Secondary Immune Response

27
Q

The disease process that occurs following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

28
Q

One of two great lymph vessels; it empties into the subclavian vein

A

Lymphatic Duct

29
Q

An infection that spreads beyond the local area into a lymphatic vessel causing red streaks to run from the infected area proximally

A

Lymphangitis

30
Q

Phagocytic cells that remove foreign particles from the lymph and blood

A

Mononuclear Phagocytic System

31
Q

The immune process by which T cell lymphocytes and macrophages attack and destroy pathogens or foreign substances; the process involves recognizing antigens, then secreting cytokines (specifically lymphokines) that attract other cells or stimulate the production of cytotoxic cells that kill the infected cells

A

Cell-Mediated Immunity

32
Q

A protein found on the surface of helper T cells that is adversely affected by exposure to HIV

A

CD4 Antigen

33
Q

A disease-causing agent, which may be a virus, bacterium, fungus, or protozoan

A

Pathogen

34
Q

One of three sets of lymphatic organs that comprise the tonsils, they are located on the posterior margin of the tongue and help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose

A

Lingual Tonsils

35
Q

Cytokines produced by T cells that recruits mast cells and other nonspecific inflammatory mediators to aid in destruction of antigens

A

Lymphokines

36
Q

The invasion of a host or tissue by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites that produce illness that may or may not have clinical manifestations

A

Infection

37
Q

Cells that aid other white blood cells in carrying out cell-mediated immune functions, including maturation of B cells into plasma cells and memory B cells, and activation of cytotoxic T cells and macrophages

A

Helper T Cells

38
Q

Proteins secreted by certain immune cells that react against foreign antigens in the body by binding to the antigens, making them more visible to the immune system

A

Immunoglobulins

39
Q

The largest lymphatic organ; filters the blood via the actions of lymphocytes and macrophages

A

Spleen

40
Q

Cell-mediated immunity; it occurs when T cells attach to foreign, antigen-bearing cells such as bacteria cells, and interact with direct cell-to-cell contact

A

Cellular Immune Response

41
Q

The body system that includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defense against foreign substances and disease-causing agents

A

Immune System

42
Q

Surgical removal of the spleen

A

Splenectomy

43
Q

A thin plasma-like liquid formed from interstitial or extracellular fluid that bathes the tissues of the body

A

Lymph

44
Q

Immunity; it targets specific pathogens and acts more slowly than innate defenses

A

Adaptive (Specific) Defense

45
Q

Cells that produce antibodies (immunoglobulins) to destroy antigens or antigen-containing particles; they are formed from divided and differentiated B cells

A

Plasma Cells

46
Q

A large collection of lymph nodes located in the axilla (armpit)

A

Axillary Nodes

47
Q

A reaction by tissues of the body to irritation or injury, characterized by pain, swelling, redness, and heat

A

Inflammatory Response

48
Q

The activation of B or T cells after they first encounter the antigens for which they are specialized to react; the process continues for several weeks

A

Primary Immune Response

49
Q

The spreading of a disease from one part of the body to another, especially with many forms of cancer

A

Metastasize

50
Q

The thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

A

Collecting Ducts

51
Q

Physiologically, refers to the body’s ability to protect itself from infectious disease

A

Immunity

52
Q

When antibodies react to destroy antigens or antigen-containing particles

A

Humoral Immune Response

53
Q

Antibodies produced by the body in reaction to any of its own cells or cell products

A

Autoantibodies

54
Q

An accessory cell, which may be a macrophage, B cell, or other type of cell that has processed antigen fragments on its surface

A

Antigen-Presenting Cell

55
Q

The movement of additional white blood cells to an area of inflammation in response to the release of chemical mediators

A

Chemotaxis

56
Q

Three sets of lymphatic organs—the palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils, and lingual tonsils—that are located in the back of the throat and nasopharynx and protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose

A

Tonsils

57
Q

Bacteria that is located in the colon to help in the digestion of food, as well as other sites in the body, such as the vagina, skin, oral and nasal cavities to help maintain homeostasis

A

Normal Flora

58
Q

A virus that may lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); cells in the immune system are killed or damaged so that the body is unable to fight infections and certain cancers

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

59
Q

An innate (nonspecific) defense wherein one species is resistant to certain diseases that may affect other species

A

Species Resistance

60
Q

Structures that drain lymph from lymphatic vessels and join either the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct

A

Lymphatic Trunks

61
Q

A large collection of lymph nodes located in the neck

A

Cervical Nodes

Ellis County Paramedic Students (12 decks)

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