Chapter 3 Bioenergetics

Question 1

Bioenergetics

Answer 1

How energy is used in living organisms (converting food into energy or storing it)

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

Sum of all metabolic reactions that occur in the body

Question 3

Cell membrane function

Answer 3

separates the contents inside the cell form he extracellular fluid, regulates the passage of substances in/out of cell

Question 4

Nucleus function

Answer 4

contains the cellular genetic components

Question 5

Cytoplasm function

Answer 5

Fluid between the membrane and nucleus, contains various organelles that have specific functions

Question 6

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 6

energy is neither created or destroyed, just transferred from one form to another

Question 7

Catalysts

Answer 7

rate limiting enzyme that lowers the energy of activation and regulates the speed of reaction

Question 8

Factors regulating enzyme activity

Answer 8

Temp (Q10 effect), pH

Question 9

Body’s immediate energy source for muscle contraction

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 10

how many calories are required for us to exist or live (influenced by muscle mass)

Question 11

Forms of Energy

Answer 11

Electrical, mechanical, thermal, chemical

Question 12

Mechanical Work

Answer 12

when energy is needed for work, we extract it from Carbs/fats/protein

Question 13

Carbohydrates

Answer 13

stored as glycogen, most rapid form of energy, only used anaerobically (can be used aerobically), limited stores

Question 14

Fats

Answer 14

Stored as triglyceride (fat/muscle), unlimited but requires oxygen

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

not a primary energy source, no storage form, found in muscle

Question 16

ATP/Pc “Phosphagen” System

Answer 16

Immediate energy source (10 sec), anaerobic and occurs in cytoplasm

Question 17

Net Production of Glycolysis

Answer 17

Input: 1 glucose, 2 ADP, 2 NAD+
Output: 2 pyruvate or lactate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 18

Glycolysis

Answer 18

Anaerobic (can be aerobic), occurs in cytoplasm, 2 phases

Question 19

Energy Investment Phase

Answer 19

Requires 2 ATP

Question 20

Energy Generation Phase

Answer 20

produces ATP, NADH, and pyruvate or lactate