General neck

Question 1

Superficial anatomy of neck

Answer 1

Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid gland
Trachea

Question 2

Key muscles of neck

Answer 2

Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Scalene
Supra and Infra hyoids

Question 3

Supra and infrahyoids innervation

Answer 3

Supra - cranial nerves
Infra - cervical nerves

Question 4

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 4

Origin - clavicle/sternum

Insertion - mastoid process

Action - turns chin to opposite side and rotates head

Nerve - Accessory

Question 5

Testing sternocleidomastoid

Answer 5

Try to resist chin lift and rotation with hand
See if pt can flex muscle

Question 6

Problem with sternocleidomastoid

Answer 6

Torticollis - involuntary contraction of SCM, asymmetrical head/neck position

Question 7

Trapezius

Answer 7

O - occipital bone, nuchal ligament

I - lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, scapula

A - elevates shoulder

I - Accessory nerve

Question 8

Testing trapezius

Answer 8

Shrug shoulders up
Check for muscle wasting causing sunken shoudler

Question 9

Anterior triangle borders

Answer 9

2 triangles - one each side

Sternocleidomastoid - anterior border
Midline
Mandible

Question 10

Posterior triangle borders

Answer 10

Middle 1/3rd clavicle
Trapezius (anterior)
Sternocleidomastoid (posterior border)

Question 11

NVB in anterior neck

Answer 11

Internal jugular vein
Common carotid artery
Vagus nerve

Question 12

What happens to common carotid above C4?

Answer 12

Becomes internal and external carotid

Question 13

Suprahyoid muscles actions

Answer 13

Attach jaw to hyoid
Elevate hyoid
Depress mandible

Question 14

Infrahyoids function

Answer 14

Overlie larynx and thyroid
Depress hyoid and stabilise

Question 15

Layout of NVB in neck

Answer 15

Internal jugular vein = most lateral
Common carotid artery = most medial
Vagus nerve = between

(Nervous sandwhich)

Question 16

Carotid triangle borders

Answer 16

Omohyoid (medial border)
Digastric (upper border)
Sternocleidomastoid (lateral)

Question 17

Carotid triangle is good because…

Answer 17

Contents are accessible here as not covered by SCM

Question 18

Roof and floor of posterior triangle

Answer 18

Roof - external jugular vein

Floor - scalene

Question 19

Structures in posterior triangle and function

Answer 19

Brachial plexus trunks
Subclavian artery
Subclavian vein
(phrenic and accessory nerves)

• supply upper limbs

Question 20

Fascial layers in neck structure

Answer 20

Concentric
Create cylindrical compartments
Allow for movement
Restrict but then permit infection spreading

Question 21

Layers of fascia in neck

Answer 21

Superficial cervical fascia

Deep:
Investing fascia
Pretracheal
Carotid
Prevertebral

Question 22

Space created by fascia (posterior to buccopharyngeal and anterior to prevertebral)

Answer 22

Retropharyngeal space

Question 23

Retropharyngeal space problems

Answer 23

Abscess/infection can occur here
Can spread to mediastinum or compress trachae/oesophagus