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CATA 337 - fall 2022 > Lecture 4 - Ankle/leg/foot ax > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Ankle/leg/foot ax Flashcards

1
Q

Main functions (2) of the foot

A

Propulsion and support

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2
Q

3 sections of the foot

A

Hindfoot (rearfoot)
Midfoot
Forefoot

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3
Q

Three principal functions of the lower leg, ankle, and foot

A
  • Impact absorption and adaptation to uneven surfaces
  • Propulsion: act like a flexible lever
  • Support: act like a rigid structure that holds up the entire body
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4
Q

What 3 joints are included in the hindfoot?

A

Tibiofibular
Talocrural
Subtalar joint

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5
Q

Review chart p.10,12,14

A

Joints of the hindfoot

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6
Q

Components of the midfoot (7)

A

Talocalcaneonavicular
Cuneonavicular
Cuboideonavicular
Cuneocuboid
Calcaneocuboid
Chopart joint

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7
Q

Components of the forefoot (4)

A

Tarsometatarsal
Intermetatarsal
Metatarsophalangeal
Lisfranc joint

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8
Q

What questions to ask when looking at activity level for the ankle/foot?

A

Level of runner
Mileage/changes
Terrain
Warm up/Stretching
Shoes suited to sport
Training schedule (next race)

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9
Q

Swing phase is OKC or CKC

A

Open chain (NWB)

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10
Q

Stance phase is OKC or CKC

A

Closed chain (FWB)

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11
Q

What is pump bumps

A

Prominence on calcaneus due to tight ice skates

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12
Q

Normally, in standing, __ to ___% of weight is taken on the heel and __ to ___% is taken by the metatarsal heads.

A

50 to 60%
40 to 50%

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13
Q

What is a normal fick angle?

A

12 to 18 degrees from the axis of the body

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14
Q

Foot loading during gait - walking

A

1.2 times BW

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15
Q

Foot loading during gait - running

A

2 times BW

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16
Q

Foot loading during gait - jumping (from 2 feet/60 cm)

A

5 times BW

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17
Q

What do you look for in the shoe exam? (4)

A

Size matching feet
Wear and tear patterns
Age
Sports and walking shoes

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18
Q

What is included in the medial longitudinal arch? (5)

A

Calcaneal tuberosity
Talus
Navicular
3 cuneiforms
1-3 muscle tendons

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19
Q

What is included in the lateral longitudinal arch? (3)

A

Calcaneus
Cuboid
4-5 metatarsal

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20
Q

What is included in the transverse arch? (4)

A

Navicular
Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Metatarsal bones

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21
Q

Stages of Stance phase (5)

A

Initial contact (heel strike)
Load response (foot flat)
Midstance (single-leg stance)
Terminal stance (heel off)
Pre-swing (toe off)

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22
Q

Which stage of the stance phase supports the more BW?

A

Midstance/single-leg stance = 1.2 times BW

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23
Q

Swing is __ to __% of gait

A

35-40%

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24
Q

Parts of the swing phase (3)

A

Initial swing (acceleration)
Mid-swing
Terminal swing (deceleration)

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25
Q

Temporal parameters - Step width

A

5-10 cm

26
Q

Temporal parameters - Step length

A

72 cm

27
Q

Temporal parameters - Stride length

A

144 cm

28
Q

Temporal parameters - Lateral shift

A

2.5-5 cm

29
Q

Temporal parameters - Vertical shift

A

5 cm

30
Q

Temporal parameters - Pelvic rotation

A

8 degrees

31
Q

Temporal parameters - Vertical/horizontal displacement

A

See fig. 14.8 = 5 cm

32
Q

Temporal parameters - Cadence

A

90-120

33
Q

Abnormal causes of pattern in gait (3)

A
  1. Pathology or injury to joint
  2. Compensation to pathology/injury to joints
  3. Compensation to pathology/injury to limb
34
Q

Types of abnormal gaits (15)

A

Antalgic
Arthogenic
Ataxic
Contracture
Equinus
Glut max
Glut med
Hemiplegic/hemiparetic
Parkinson
Plantar flexor
Psoatic
Quad avoidance
Scissors
Short leg
Drop foot

35
Q

What is antalgic

A

Painful

36
Q

What is arthogenic

A

Joint - hip or knee

37
Q

What is ataxic

A

Neurological - sensation, motor control

38
Q

What is contracture

A

Muscle - immobilized, etc.
ex: if tight quad, hip could go in circumduction to avoid going into hip flexion

39
Q

What is equinus

A

Toe walking

40
Q

What is glut max (gait problem)

A

Trunk extends

41
Q

What is glut med (gait problem)

A

Hip drop

42
Q

What is Parkinson (gait problem)

A

Flexed, shuffle

43
Q

What is plantar flexor (gait problem)

A

Limited push off

44
Q

Functional testing examples (7)

A

Squatting
Stairs (DF 20°)
Standing one foot
Walking (DF 10°, PF 20-25°)
On toes/heels (muscle action, joint integrity)
Run, add turns
Jumping

45
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion: ankle lunge test = explain

A

Measurement of distance of toes from wall - ankle fully dorsiflexed, knee against the wall

46
Q

Name the weight-bearing active movements that need to be done (6)

A

PF
DF
Sup
Pron
Toe ext.
Toe flex.

47
Q

Name the non weight-bearing active movements that need to be done (8)

A

PF
DF
Sup
Pron
Toe ext.
Toe flex.
Toe ADD
Toe ABD

48
Q

Passive NWD movements that need to be done at foot

A

Talocrural DF/PF
Subtalar In/Ev
Mid-Tarsal ADD/ABD
Toe F/E + ADD/ABD

49
Q

Resisted movements that need to be done at the foot

A

Knee flexion
PF/DF
Sup/Pron
Toe F/E

50
Q

See p.67 for cross section

A

Motion diagram of the ankle

51
Q

Special tests for ligament laxity (3)

A

Ant/Post. drawer
Kleiger
Squeeze test

52
Q

What ligament does anterior drawer tests

A

ATF

53
Q

What is injured for a positive test of Kleiger’s test

A

Can be HAS or deltoid lig. sprain

54
Q

What is injured for a positive test of squeeze and bump test

A

Syndesmosis injury

55
Q

Which special test testes for laxity of medial and lateral ligaments

A

Talar tilt

56
Q

What is the buerger’s test

A

Circulatory - testing arterial blood supply
- Leg elevation (45°) = draining of blood
- Sitting over edge - return of blood longer than 2 minutes = +

57
Q

Nerve test for upper motor lesion

A

Babinski

58
Q

Nerve test - reflexes (2)

A

Achilles tendon
Tibialis posterior

59
Q

Nerve test - Tinel’s sign

A

Tap test on 3 nerves

60
Q

What is the tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

Compression of tibial nerve resulting in tightness in Tom, Dick and Harry or ABD

61
Q

What are the joint play (7)/

A

Long axis extension
AP/PA glide
Talar rock
Side tilt
Rotation
Side glide
Tarsal mobility

CATA 337 - fall 2022 (16 decks)

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