Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

128: PHYS 2 > chpt 11- blood > Flashcards

chpt 11- blood Flashcards

1
Q

packed cell volume or haematocrit is known as

A

the % of erythrocytes in total blood volume
- Buffy coat + erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why is the packed cell volume at the bottom of a tube

A

most dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what causes density of hematocrit

A

Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what % of plasma is water

A

90%, allows it to hold and distribute heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how much of the plasma weight is taken up by plasma proteins

A

6-8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what establishes colloid P gradient b/w blood and isf

A

plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

proteins found in plasma are

A

albumins
globulins
fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what gives RBC an increased sa for diffusion of O2

A

bi-concave structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

do mature RBC have a nucleus, organelles or ribosomes

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

function of flexible membrane

A

prevents rupturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name of pigment that contains iron

A

hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

meaning of red Hb

A

has Fe + oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 different polypeptide =

A

globin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

heme is

A

4 iron contain non-protein (prosthetic)
- bound to protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

flatten / changed shape of heme =

A

o2 is attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what carries 98.5% O2

A

hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what interactions with globin

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

function of NO x Hb

A
  • vasodialtor
  • binds with Hb in lungs
  • helps with gas exchange + stabilize BP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name of erythrocyte enzymes

A
  • glycolytic enzymes
  • carbonic anhydrase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what enzyme is responsible for generating E needed to fuel active transport

A

glycolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

carbonic anhydrase function

A

turns CO2 into HCO3-, which is how CO2 is transported in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how long do RBC survive

A

120days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

name of hormone secreted by kidney when O2 levels decrease, to stimulate RBC production

A

erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

erythropoiesis =

A

process by which the red bone marrow creates new RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

which organ is responsible for removing old RBCS

A

spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pluripotent stem cells =

A

cells in bone marrow from which blood cells arise from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what does blood type depend on

A

the surface antigen presented on RNC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what types of blood related antibodies are based upon entry for foreign blood substance

A

rhesus factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

when do antibodies agaisnt foreign RBC appear in human plama

A

after 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

immune response/ rxn when antibody interacts with erythrocyte bound antigen is

A

a transfusion rxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what happens to the foreign rbc during a transfusion rxn

A
  • agglutination (clumping)
  • haemolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

having rh factor/ d antigen =

A

positive blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what happens when the mom has a negative blood type and the baby has a positive blood type

A

mom makes antibodies aganists babies blood type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

below normal O2 carrying capacity of blood is known as

A

anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

haematocrit below 30% =

A

anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

nutritional anaemia is

A

diet deficiency in Fe
- decreased Hb production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

inability to absorb enough B12 cuz of a missing intrinsic factor is known as

A

pernicious anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

function of b12

A

NORMAL rbc production and maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

aplastic anaemia is

A

bone marrow failure to produce RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

destruction of red bone marrow is caused by

A

toxic chemicals
radiation
cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

decreased erythropoietin due to kidney diseases causes

A

renal failure anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

haemolytic anaemia is

A

the rupture of RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

malaria and sickle cell anaemia is an example of

A

haemolytic anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

increased haemocrite and too many circulating RBC is known as

A

polycythemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

excessive erythropoiesis due to a tumour like condition of the bone marrow is known as

A

primary polycythemia

46
Q

secondary polycythemia is

A

adaptive mechanism to improve blood oxygens carrying capacity in response to decreased O2 delivery

47
Q

which group of people is secondary polycythemia common in

A

people living in high altitudes

48
Q

relative polycythemia

A
  • normal RBC
  • decreased plasma
  • elevated haematocrit (increased viscosity, decreased CO)
49
Q

where are wbc made?

A

red bone marrow of multipotent stem cells

50
Q

what type of WBCs are made in lymphoid tissues

A

lymphocytes

51
Q

types of leukocytes

A
  • granulocytes
  • agranuloctyes
52
Q

examples of granulocytes

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
53
Q

monocytes and lymphocytes are examples of

A

agranuloctyes

54
Q

which wbc stays in blood for less than a day before entering tissues where it survives 3-4 days

A

granulocytes

55
Q

which granulocytes is the mostt abundant

A

neutrophils

56
Q

first defenders on scene of bacterial invasion =

A

neutrophils

57
Q

neutrophil function

A
  • trap bacteria with NETs
  • inflammatory response (local vasodilation)
58
Q

phagocytosis of parasites Is done by

A

eosinophils

59
Q

when do eosinophils increase

A
  • during an allergic rxn like asthma
  • internal parasite infestations (worms)
60
Q
  • synthesize and store histamine and heparin
  • similar to mast cells
  • least numerous
  • chemotactic factor production
    describes which granulocytes
A

basophils

61
Q

function of heparin

A
  • prevents blood clots
  • speeds removal of fat particles after fatty meals
  • ANTICOAGULANT DRUG
62
Q

antigen presenting, phagocytosis =

A

monocytes

63
Q

how long do monocytes survive in the blood

A

months to years

64
Q

B cells and T cells are examples of

A

lymphocytes

65
Q

B cells functions

A
  • produce antibodies
  • antibody-mediated immunity
66
Q

which type of lymphocytes have humoral immunity

A

B cells

67
Q

how do T cells destroy foreign materials

A

release chemicals that punch holes in target cell

68
Q

cell fragment of megakaryocytic =

A

platelets aka thrombocytes

69
Q

what blood component has an high concentration of myosin and actin

A

platelets aka thrombocytes

70
Q

how long do platelets aka thrombocytes remain functional for

A

10 days

71
Q

location of platelets aka thrombocytes

A

spleen

72
Q

what hormone (produced by the liver) increased number of megakaryotes so platelets increase

A

thrombopoietin

73
Q

haemostatsis =

A

preventing blood loss from a broken bv
- positive feedback

74
Q

steps of haemostatsis

A
  1. vascular spasm
  2. formation of platelet plud
  3. blood coagulation
75
Q

what caused platelets to stick to affected area

A

exposed collagen and ADP release and thromboxane A2

76
Q

immature RBC released by bone marrow, when there’s a need for RBC production are called

A

reticulocytes

77
Q

clot formation is

A

reinforcing platelet plus and converting blood in the vinicity of vessel injury into a non flowing gel

78
Q

function of factor 13

A

strength and stabilize clot network

79
Q

what helps convert fibrinogen into fibrin

A

thrombin

80
Q

what activates factor 13

A

thrombin

81
Q

which inactive precursors can be found in the plasma

A

prothrombin and fibrinogen

82
Q

proteasye =

A

digesting protein

83
Q

example of proteasye

A

thrombin

84
Q

what enhances platelet aggregation

A

thrombin

85
Q

how many plasma clotting factors are involved in the clotting cascade

A

12

86
Q

what is the final conversion of the clotting cascade

A

factor 10 converting prothrombin to thrombin

87
Q

end goal of the clotting cascade is

A

thrombin turning fibrinogen to fibrin

88
Q

plasma ca and PFP3 are important in

A

thrombin turning fibrinogen to fibrin

89
Q

what does exposed collagen stimultanesouly initiate

A
  • platelet aggregation and clotting cascade
90
Q

how many steps are in the instrinsic pathway

A

7

91
Q

which pathway has 4 steps

A

extrinsic pathway

92
Q

all elements that bring about clotting is found in blood =

A

intrinsic pathway

93
Q

how does the intrinsic pathway begin

A

when factor 12 is exposed to collagen or test tube environment

94
Q

when do the intrisinc and extrinsic pathways converge

A

at factor 10

95
Q

extrinsic pathway requires

A

contact with tissue factors external to blood

96
Q

what directly activates factor 10 during an extrinsic pathway

A
  • tissue thromboplastin released from traumzited tissue
97
Q

contraction of platelets shrinking fibrin mesh, squeezing fluid from the clot is known as

A

clot retraction

98
Q

what are fibroblasts involved in

A

wound repair and scar tissue q

99
Q

function of plasmin

A
  • digest fibrin, so dissolve clot
100
Q

what activates plasminogen

A

factor 12

101
Q

emboli =

A

free floating clot

102
Q

thrombus =

A

clot attached to a wall

103
Q

not being able to from clots/ excessive bleeding =

A

hemophilla

104
Q

how is hemophilia treated

A

transfusion of blood clotting factors

105
Q

deficney of factor 8 causes

A

hemophilla

106
Q

platelet deficiency causes

A

thrombocytopenia purpura aka bruises

107
Q

function of gamma globulins

A

serve as antibodies

108
Q

which type of globulins transport clotting factors

A

alpha and beta

109
Q

what are the vasoconstrictor released during platelet aggregation that reinforce vascular spasm

A
  • serotonin
  • thromboxane 2
  • E
110
Q

function of prostacyclin and NO

A

inhibit platelet aggregation

128: PHYS 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions