Homeostasis

Question 1

Definition of homeostasis

Answer 1

The ability of the body to maintain internal equilibrium despite fluctuations in the external environment

Question 2

Differences between glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 2

Glycogenesis- formation of glycogen
Glycogenolysis- glycogen into glucose
Gluconeogenesis - lipids and amino acids into glucose

Question 3

Function of the liver in blood glucose regulation

Answer 3

• stores glycogen (glycogenesis)
• used by liver cells for liver function

Question 4

What happens to glucose in the bloodstream

Answer 4

• circulates in the blood (maintain blood glucose levels)
• used by cells for energy
• muscle glycogen stores (glycogenesis)
• converted to fat for storage

Question 5

Feedback loop for low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)

Answer 5

Stimulus - low blood sugar
Receptor- alpha cells-islets of langerhans
Modulator- islets of langerhans
Effector- alpha cells, adrenal medulla, liver & muscles
Response- cortisol, adrenaline and glucagon released. Glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis occur. Blood sugar is increased

Question 6

Feedback loop for high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia)

Answer 6

Stimulus- high BS
Receptor- beta cells-islets of langerhans
Modulator- beta cells
Erector- beta cells, liver, muscles
Response- ⬆️ glucose uptake into liver, muscle and adipose cells by making their membranes more permiable to glucose. Transport proteins increase glucose uptake. Activates glycogen making enzymes & glycogenesis

Question 7

What is metabolic rate

Answer 7

The rate of energy released into the body by breaking down food