Endomembrane System

Question 1

Endomembrane system

Answer 1

Nuclear envelop, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles and vacuoles, plasmamembrane

Question 2

the endomembrane system is connected

Answer 2

through direct physical continuity or by transfer of membrane segments as tine vesicles

Question 3

The endoplasmic reticulum accounts for

Answer 3

half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells

Question 4

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

outer surface lacks ribosomes

Question 5

Smooth ER synthesizes

Answer 5

lipids (oils, steroids, new membrane phospholipids), metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisions (add hydroxl group making it more water soluble), and storage of calcium (in muscle cells)

Question 6

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

studded with ribosomes on the outer surface of the membrane (folds are called cisternae, and space in between the ER called lumen)

Question 7

Rough ER function

Answer 7

secretes glycoproteins, has transport vesicles transporting protein, membrane factory of the cell.
EX: pancreatic cells synthesize the protein insulin and secrete it into the bloodstream.

Question 8

glycoproteins

Answer 8

proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded to them

Question 9

Transport vesicles

Answer 9

vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

warehouse for receiving, sorting, shipping and even maufacturing (made of flatten disk called cisternae)

Question 11

Products of the ER

Answer 11

such as proteins are modified and stored then sent to other destinations, all within the golgi apparatus

Question 12

Cis face of golgi apparatus is

Answer 12

usually located near the ER (receiving), vesicles go to this side

Question 13

Trans face of golgi apparatus gives

Answer 13

rise to vesicles that pinch off and travel to other sites (shipping)

Question 14

products sent to the golgi apparatus are

Answer 14

modified during their transit from cis to trans face

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that many eukaryotic cells use to digest (hydrolyze) macromolecules.
Digest fats, proteins, polysaccarides, and nucleic acids

Question 16

hydrolytic enzymes and lysosomal membranes are made by

Answer 16

the Rough ER and then transported t the golgi apparatus for further processing

Question 17

Phagocytosis

Answer 17

the process of ameobas and unicellular protist eating smaller organisms or food particles by engulfing them

Question 18

food vacuoles fuse with

Answer 18

lysosomes, whose enzymes then digest the food

Question 19

The digestion products, of the lysosomes

Answer 19

pass into the cytosol and become nutrients for the cells

Question 20

Macrophages carry out

Answer 20

phagocytosis, white blood cells that help defend the body by engulfing and destroying bacteria and other invadors

Question 21

Autophagy

Answer 21

lysosomes use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organic material

Question 22

autophagy process

Answer 22

a damaged organelle becomes surrounded by a double membrane which the lysosome fuses with. The the lysosomal enzymes dismantle the inner membrane and the enclosed material, resulting in small organic compounds being released into the cytosol for reuse.

Question 23

Vacuoles

Answer 23

large vesicles derived from the ER and Golgi

Question 24

The vacuolar membrane is

Answer 24

selective in transporting solutes

Question 25

food vacuoles are

Answer 25

formed by phagocytosis

Question 26

Contractile vauoles

Answer 26

pump excess water out of the cell maintaining a suitable concentration of ions and molecules in the cell

Question 27

central vacuole

Answer 27

found i mature plants, develops the coalescence of smaller vacuoles

Question 28

the sap in the central vacuole contains

Answer 28

the cells main repository of inorganic ions like potassium and chloride

Question 29

The central vacuole absorbs

Answer 29

water, enabling the cell to become larger, playing a major role in plant growth

Question 30

The path of secretory protein follows from synthesis through secretion

Answer 30

Endoplasmic reticulum –> Cis golgi cisternae –> medial golgi cisternae –> trans golgi cisternae –> plasma membrane