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BEH 5043 > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Natural Science is ____, but ______

A

Inductive, not deductive

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2
Q

Inductive

A

Contact with phenomenon through observation and measurement prior to developing any kind of interpretive language about it

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3
Q

Natural science of behavior focuses on

A

Observable behavior and objective, operational definitions

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4
Q

Natural Science: Use of

A

Standard, absolute unit of measures

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5
Q

Standard

A

Widely used by the community

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6
Q

Absolute

A

The measure never changes

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7
Q

Universal

A

Can be applied to every instance where that type of measure is important

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8
Q

Dimensionless quantities are

A

Abstractions from the behavior of interest

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9
Q

Dimensionless quantities are _____ to _____

A

Less sensitive to environmental variables

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10
Q

Free operant

A

Behavior that is free to occur at any time

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11
Q

Restricted operants

A

Behavior that requires an opportunity to occur

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12
Q

Restricted operants are also known as

A

Discriminated operants

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13
Q

E.L. Thorndike’s experiments: Type of operant

A

Restricted operant responding within a discrete trial

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14
Q

E.L. Thorndike’s experiments: Start/end of the trial

A

Start: Cat locked in a puzzle box
End: Cat escapes the box (can only occur one time per trial

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15
Q

E.L. Thorndike’s experiments: Measure

A

Latency to engage in target behavior

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16
Q

Skinner’s experiments: Type of operant

A

Free operant responding - organism can engage in target behavior any number of times while on the operant chamber

17
Q

Skinner experiments: Measure

A

Celeration

18
Q

Cumulative record

A

Graphic display of the number of responses recording during an observation period added to the total number of responses recorded across an amount of time

19
Q

Within-Session Cumulative Record

A

Graphic display of the number of responses recording within an observation period added to the total number of responses recorded

20
Q

Across-Session Cumulative Record

A

Graphic display of the number of responses recorded added to the total number of responses recorded across an amount of times

21
Q

Across-Session Cumulative Record is sometimes called

A

Cumulative graph

22
Q

Interpreting Cumulative Records: Each data point indicates

A

The total number of responses up to that point in time

23
Q

Interpreting Cumulative Records: The steeper the slope,

A

The higher rate of response

24
Q

Interpreting Cumulative Records: A flat, horizontal line indicates

A

No responding during that time period

25
Q

Overall Response Rate on Cumulative Records

A

Average rate of response during a specific period
Calculate: Divided the total number of responses by the number of recorded observations

26
Q

Local response rate on cumulative records

A

Rate of responding during shorter periods of time than the period for which the overall response rate has been calculated

27
Q

Cumulative records may be preferable to an equal-interval line graph when:

A

-Progress towards a goal can be measured in cumulative units
-Delivering feedback
-Behavior occurs or doesn’t occur just once per session
-Comparing environmental variables

28
Q

Progress towards a goal

A

Target behavior of interest in the total number of responses emitting overall or within in a time period

29
Q

Progress towards a goal examples

A

Number of dollars saved, number of new words read

30
Q

Delivering feedback

A

Since behavior continues to add to the total, the cumulative graph will never show a decelerating trend

31
Q

A cumulate record May be less like to ____ than line graphs with deceleration

A

Evoke negative effects (avoidance, embarrassment, etc)

32
Q

One opportunity per session

A

When behavior can only happen or not happen one time, a cumulative graph can allow for easier interpretation of results (trend is more obvious)

33
Q

Cumulative record advantages: comparing environmental variables

A

Cumulative records can demonstrate differences in multiple interventions (relative client preference for one intervention over another, relative efficacy and/or efficiency of one intervention over another

34
Q

Cumulative record considerations

A

-Respinse rate per session may not be obvious
-Gradual changes in slope may be difficult to detect

35
Q

Semilogarithmic Graph

A

Graph that uses a logarithmic ratio scale for the y-axis and a linear equal-interval scale for the other

36
Q

Semi-log graph is sometimes called

A

Ratio graph

37
Q

In a semi log graph, the y-axis uses

A

Ratio scale moving via multiplication and division

38
Q

Absolute Change

A

The actual amount of difference between data at one point in time and another

39
Q

Relative change

A

The proportional amount of difference between data at one point in time and another

BEH 5043 (6 decks)

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