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BEH 5043 > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What does “behavioral variability” refer to?

A

Each response will vary along some dimension

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2
Q

Extrinsic variability

A

Assumption that behavioral variability is not inherent to the individual

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3
Q

Experimentation

A

Basic strategy to collect and test information about the world

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4
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable that is manipulated - An environmental event/condition or stimulus class

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5
Q

DV in Behavioral Analysis

A

Dimension of behavior or a response class

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6
Q

Experimentation basics

A
  • Manipulate the independent variable
  • Measure the dependent variable
  • Control for all other factors (hold constant or eliminate)
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7
Q

Experimental Design

A

The specific arrangement of environmental conditions within an experiment

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8
Q

Goals of Experimental Design

A

To demonstrate a functional relation between the IV and the DV. To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.

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9
Q

Experimental Control

A

When systematic changes in the environment result in predictable and orderly changes in behavior

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10
Q

Establishing Experimental Control

A

-Design and implement effective measurement procedures
-Select and manage environmental conditions
-Minimize effects of outside variables

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11
Q

Internal validity

A

Extent to which measured changes in the DV are attributable to the IV manipulation and not some other factor

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12
Q

External validity

A

Extent to which the results of a study extend to other individuals, settings, or behavior

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13
Q

Eight threats to internal validity (MIRTHSAD)

A

Maturation
Instrumentation
Regression towards the mean
Testing
History
Selection bias
Attrition
Diffusion of treatment

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14
Q

History

A

Other events or changes that coincide with the introduction of the IV that could also have an effect on behavior

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15
Q

Maturation

A

Natural developmental events or learning experiences that coincide with the introduction of the IV

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16
Q

Testing

A

When changes in the DV have come about as a function of repeated exposure to the environmental arrangement

17
Q

Instrumentation

A

When changes in behavior may reflect changes in the measurement system rather than effects of the IV

18
Q

Diffusion of treatment

A

Inadvertent, uncontrolled seepage of the treatment to control conditions or subjects

19
Q

Regression towards the mean

A

Changes occurred because pre-intervention (baseline) measurement were not representative of the natural state of events

20
Q

Selection Bias

A

Assignment of participants to groups May bias the outcome even in the absence of intervention

21
Q

Self-selection bias

A

Individuals who are prone to show greater improvements may also be more likely to participate in the study

22
Q

Attrition

A

Loss of participants over time that may influence the effects of a study

23
Q

Extraneous variables

A

Events unrelated to the IV that may affect the DV

24
Q

Controlling extraneous variables

A

-Eliminate them
-Hold them constant
-Investigate their influence

25
Q

Eliminating extraneous variables

A

Getting rid of all extraneous factors

26
Q

Hold extraneous variables constant

A

Ensure any extraneous variables are present across experimental conditions

27
Q

Investigate extraneous variables

A

Look for their effect directly

28
Q

Confounds

A

Uncontrolled variable known or suspected to exert influence on a dependent variable

29
Q

Confounds related to experimental design

A
  • Multiple treatment interference
    -Sequence effects
  • Carryover effects
30
Q

Multiple-treatment interference

A

When results of an analysis are affected by the specific combination of two or more treatments

31
Q

Sequence effect is also known as

A

Order effects

32
Q

Sequence effect

A

When changes in the dependent variable are attributable to the order of experimental conditions

33
Q

Carryover Effects

A

When patterns of behavior established in one condition extend into a second condition even if the independent variables are very different

34
Q

Cyclical variability

A

Repeated patterns of responding over time unrelated to the independent variable

35
Q

Four types of analyses (questions)

A

Demonstrative
Parametric
Component
Comparative

36
Q

Demonstrative analysis

A

Analysis that seeks to determine the extent to which an intervention is effective

37
Q

Parametric analysis

A

Analysis of the effects of various levels of an independent variable on behavior

38
Q

Parametric analysis examples

A

-The effects of differing values of a reinforcement schedule (FR1 vs FR10)
- comparisons of treatments at different strengths (brief time outs vs long time out)

BEH 5043 (6 decks)

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