Chapter 2 Flashcards
Which court was the first and beginning of the state-wide juvenile court system
Juvenile court in Chicago
Why were juvenile courts developed in the US (initial reason)
poor kids left unattended were more likely to commit crimes, so institutions were made for these kids, at the end of the 19th century, they had realized they needed a different legal framework for them (young criminals)
What did Anthony Platt say about the juvenile system in Chicago
That it came out of the child-saving movement which was based on racism and class discrimination
What did David Rothman say about the juvenile system
that changes in the juvenile system stem from the progressive era in the United States
Who coined the term Adolescence and what does it mean
G. Stanley Hall
the stage of life during which a person progresses both biologically and emotionally from a child to an adult
What is Thomas Bernards “cyclical theory of justice reform”
that young people are being harshly punished which is having a negative effect
When was the JDA active and what were the ages in which juvenile delinquents would fall into to
In force from 1908 to 1884
Maximum ages ranged from 15-17 and could be different for males and females (provinces set their own ages)
Who enacted the JDA
J.J Kelso
Who was a key leader in the child saving movement in Ontario
J.J Kelso
Who was recognized by historians as being the one to draft the JDA
W.L Scott
What are “Status Offences”
Offences that a youth could be found guilty of simply because they are underage
ex. drinking, gambling
What is a “Indeterminate Sentence”
a sentence of incarceration (imprisonment) with no fixed expiration date, judges were allowed to give sentences for how ever long they felt and would let them go if they felt like the criminal was reformed
What was introduced in 1984 to replace the JDA
The Young Offenders Act (YOA)
Why was the YOA controversial
because it leaned toward a crime-controlled child blaming approach, which held offenders accountable for their behaviour rather than trying to fix them
What was introduced in 2003 to replace the YOA
The Youth Criminal Justice Act
