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Intro to Botany > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What mades plant cells different from animal cells

A

cell wall
chloroplasts
vacuoles

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2
Q

Are cell walls rectangular

A

some

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3
Q

DOes soil fertility affect cell structure and funciton

A

yes

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4
Q

Environmental stress impacts cell structure and function how?

A

○ Drought- less turgot pressure = less SA = less transporation = plant survives = less yield

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5
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

Regulate passage of molecules in and out of cell and organelles

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6
Q

2 layers of membrane

A

Hydrophillic head and hydrophobic tails

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7
Q

Wether something is hydrophilic has to do with polarity

A

true

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8
Q

Protiens

A

molecules that form structures and execute cell work

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9
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

protiens create channels for molecules like ions

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10
Q

Active transport

A

molecular pumps- binds to molecules and lets out the other side

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11
Q

CELL WALL PIC MEMORIZE

A

-NO WORDBANK

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12
Q

TF the plasma membrane is included in the cell wall

A

f

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13
Q

What is the cell wall amde out of

A

sugar and protiens

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14
Q

Cell wall functions

A

structure
defense and immunology
stress response
gene expression
cell to cell communication

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15
Q

TF cell wall controlls plant growth

A

T- how fast which direction resisting turgor pressure in cell

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16
Q

What is middle lamella made up of

A

pectin

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17
Q

what is secondary cell wall made up of

A

lignin

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18
Q

dO ALL cells have seconday cell wall

A

no- only older plant produce this

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19
Q

Do cell walls change over time

A

yes

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20
Q

Protoplast

A

cell that has its cell wall removed

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21
Q

Protoplasm

A

stuff inside cell

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22
Q

Protoplasm + vacuole =

A

protoplast

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23
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

small holes in the cell wall that allow for cell to cell communication

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24
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores extra nutrients- plants cant poop

Apoptosis

Stores pigments

Turgor pressure

Filled w protien for germinating seeds

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25
Q

Turgor pressure

A

Fills up vacuole
creates cell growth

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26
Q

Biotroph

A

pathogen that cell gets rid of by cell death

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27
Q

Nectotroph

A

cell death bc this pathogen tells cell to commit cell death and then pathogen eats cell contents

28
Q

Do organelles age

A

yes they get replaced

29
Q

Nucleus

A

permanent storeage palce for genetic info

30
Q

Does the nucleus lend out its first set of dna

A

no

31
Q

Histones

A

what DNA wraps around
keeps DNA organized

32
Q

Nucleosome

A

DNA + Histone

33
Q

Chromatin

A

tightly bound nucleosomes

34
Q

Chromosomes

A

made of chromatin

35
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

surrounds nucleus

36
Q

How many layers does a nuclear envelope have

A

2

37
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

everything inside of the nucleus

38
Q

nuclear pores

A

allows material to pass between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm such as RNA that was made in the nucleus

39
Q

nucleolus

A

center of nucleus

40
Q

Rough ER

A

had ribosomes makes protiens

41
Q

Smooth ER

A

makes lipids

42
Q

Mitochondira

A

where cell respiration happens- makes ATP by breaking down sugars and starches

43
Q

plastids

A

Synthesizes and stores lipids, forms color pigments

44
Q

are plastids in animal cells

A

no

45
Q

chromoplasts

A

What produce pigments

46
Q

Chloroplast

A

contains chlorophyl, site of photosynthesis

47
Q

thylakoid membrane

A

where chlorophyll is

48
Q

stroma

A

internal matrix of chloroplast

49
Q

dictyosome

A

Where cell products are modified prepped and exported

50
Q

Microtubules

A

Skeletal elements

51
Q

MEMORIZE CELL STRUCTURE

A

-

52
Q

mitosis

A

cell division

53
Q

Stages of mitosis

A

interpahse
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
tetephase
cytokinesis

54
Q

Interphase stages

A

G1
S
G2

55
Q

G1 Phase

A

recover from cell division
make new organelles

56
Q

S Phase

A

DNA replicated

57
Q

what do 2 identical chromatids make

A

chromosome

58
Q

how are 2 chromatids held together

A

centromere

59
Q

G2

A

Makes extra organelles and microtubules for cell division

60
Q

Does mother cell exist after it divides

A

no just two daugher cells

61
Q

Prophase

A

nucleus dissolves

62
Q

Metaphase

A

CHromosomes line up in middle
Mitotic spindle fibers come out and attach to kineticore protiens

63
Q

Kinetichore protiens

A

In centromere of chromosome
where mitotic spindle fibers attach to

64
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromatids pulled apart

65
Q

Telophase

A

Nucleus forms
spindle fib break down

66
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cell divides and cell plate forms

Intro to Botany (27 decks)

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