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BIOL 208 > Terrestrial Biomes > Flashcards

Terrestrial Biomes Flashcards

1
Q

What are terrestrial biomes?

A

Large terrestrial regions on our planet with a similar climate and vegetation

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2
Q

What are aquatic systems?

A

Ecosystems shaped by similar movement and physical properties of water

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3
Q

How are terrestrial biomes and geography related?

A

Biomes follow more or less the location of latitudes based on mean annual temp and mean annual precipitation sum

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4
Q

What does a climate diagram show?

A

Absolute and relative information about average climate properties at a location on our planet

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5
Q

What absolute values can we collect from a climate diagram?

A

How hot/cold it was throughout the year
How much precipitation there was
How much of the year is frost-free

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6
Q

What is the relative arrangement of curves on climate diagrams?

A

When do periods of drought or extensive periods of rain occur?

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7
Q

What does no shading (on the x-axis) of a climate diagram mean?

A

The mean minimum temp is less than 0° (frost)

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8
Q

What does shading (on the x-axis) of a climate diagram mean?

A

The mean minimum temp is greater than 0°

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9
Q

What does the relative position of temperature and precipitation on a climate diagram represent?

A

Water availability

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10
Q

What do yellow areas on a climate diagram mean?

A

Periods of drought (temp>2x precipitation)

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11
Q

What do light blue areas on a climate diagram mean?

A

Indicates lack of drought (temp<2x precipitation)

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12
Q

What do dark blue areas on a climate diagram mean?

A

Excessively moist periods
Usually there is a scale switch

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13
Q

What are the features of the tropical rainforest?

A

High temperatures
High precipitation
Low seasonality
Biomass-rich, evergreen forest vegetation

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14
Q

What are the features of the desert?

A

Low or high mean annual temperature
Very low precipitation
Strong-moderate seasonality in temperature
Spare, short-stature, mostly tree-less vegetation

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15
Q

What are the features of temperate grasslands?

A

Low mean annual temperatures
Low mean annual precipitation
Strong seasonality in temperature
Dominated by grass and shrubs
Fertile soils, highest land loss due to agriculture

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16
Q

What are the features of temperate forests?

A

Moderate mean annual temperature
High mean annual precipitation sum
Moderate seasonality in temperature
Forest vegetation
Ferrel cells

17
Q

What are the features of the Boreal forest?

A

Very low mean annual temperature
Moderate mean annual precipitation sum
Strong seasonality
Conifer forest vegetation
Wetlands and peatland vegetation

18
Q

What are the features of tundras?

A

Very low mean annual temperature
Moderate mean annual precipitation sum
Moderate seasonality in temp and precipitation
Low shrub, grasses, tree-less, permafrost

19
Q

What is a Whittaker diagram?

A

Displays biomes as a function of mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature

20
Q

What are hot deserts influenced by?

A

Warm and dry air of Hadley cells

21
Q

What are cold deserts influenced by?

A

Dry because of rain shadow effect and continentality

22
Q

What is soil?

A

A complex mixture of organic and non-living inorganic material upon which more terrestrial life depends

23
Q

What is mechanical weathering?

A

Breakdown of rock into smaller particles from the combined action of water, wind, and plants

24
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

The action of chemical processes such as solution. hydrolysis, and oxidation

25
Q

Why are deeper soils important?

A

The deeper the soil, the deeper roots can penetrate
Deeper soils can hold more water and minerals

26
Q

What is the organic horizon?

A

Found in soils with primarily aquatic plant material

27
Q

What is the LFH horizon?

A

Litter, fermentation, humus
Upland sites
Food source + home for organisms

28
Q

What is the A horizon?

A

Contains mineral materials and organic materials
Essential for plant growth

29
Q

What is the B horizon?

A

Contains materials leached from A horizon

30
Q

What is the C horizon?

A

Weathered parent material
Rock fragments
Lies on bedrock

31
Q

Why are soil organisms important?

A

Form soil structure
Regulate soil moisture
Perform gas exchange and carbon sequestration
Vital in nutrient cycling
Decompose dead matter
Control plant growth

BIOL 208 (32 decks)

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