Lecture 10: Taste & Olfaction

Question 1

Flavour includes :
-____
-____
-____

Answer 1

Taste
Smell
Other nerve endings in mouth

Question 2

__ is the sense of taste

Answer 2

Gestation

Question 3

What are the tastes we perceive ?

Answer 3

Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, Unami

Question 4

Taste molecules must dissolve in ___

Answer 4

Saliva

Question 5

Individual receptor cells are ____

Answer 5

Chemoreceptors

Question 6

Different tastings are traduced by different kinds of ____

Answer 6

Channels

Question 7

Different tastings are transduced by different kinds of channels
_____: Na+ influx
______: H+ blocks K+ channels
______: Phosphorylation and block K+
_______: Inhibit phosphodiesterase , increase cAMP
______: Activation of mono alert -selective cation channel

Question 8

Taste pathways in the CNS:
—-> At the ______
—-> in the ____
—-> in the _____
—-> To the ventro-posterior medial ___, ____ and ____
—-> to the ___ and ____ cortex

Answer 8

Tongue
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Thalamus, hypothalamus and amygdala
Insular and orbital

Question 9

______ implies that the activity in one neuron type is both necessary and sufficient to represent a given sensory attribute

____ hypothesis proposes that the pattern of responses to a particular stimulus across all fibres is the central feature of coding

Answer 9

Labelled line
Across Fiber

Question 10

____- Sense of smell

Answer 10

Olfaction

Question 11

Number of human olfactory receptor cells = ____
Number of dog olfactory receptor cells =_____

Answer 11

5 million
4 billion

Question 12

Surface area of olfactory epithelium in humans = _____

Surface area of olfactory epithelium in dogs = ____

Answer 12

10cm2
170cm2

Question 13

garlic smell can indicate _____
Breath of a ________ smells like apples
________ from bacteria may smell like a wine cellar (musty)

Answer 13

Arsenic poisoning
Diabetic in a coma
Infection after surgery

Question 14

________ are primary sensory neurons that generate action potentials

Answer 14

Olfactory receptor cells

Question 15

Olfactory receptor cells have a life span of _____

Answer 15

30-60 days

Question 16

Door is first detected at _____ of _____. If signal is strong enough, it will generate an ____ in the receptor neuron

Answer 16

Cilia of olfactory receptor neuron
Action potential

Question 17

CNG channels =_________ channels

Answer 17

Cyclic - nucleotide - gated

Question 18

The __ signal controls both excitation and adaptation

Answer 18

Ca2+

Question 19

_____ adaptation - the Ca2+ signal controls both excitation and adaptation

Answer 19

Odor

Question 20

Ca2+-CAM binds to the CNG channel, reducing its affinity for ____
The extrusion of Ca2+ through the activation of Na2+/Ca2+ exchange ____

Answer 20

cAMP
Proteins

Question 21

Individual odor receptors expressing the same gene are dispersed throughout the olfactory epithelium but the axons of the receptors converge on 1 or 2 _____ in the olfactory bulb

Answer 21

Glomeruli

Question 22

• 1 receptor = ____ molecular feature
• 1 receptor = multiple ___ sharing the same molecular feature
• all receptors encoding the same molecular features = 1 __
• 1 ___ activates several glomeruli
• different odors activates several patterns of ____
• distinct patterns of glomeruli carry distinct odor information to the ____

Answer 22

1
Odors
Glomeruli
Odor
Glomeruli
Cortex

Question 23

In the olfactory bulb-_____- these contain the 1s order neuron axons which carry information about one particular component of scents
Separate components of an ____ are separated into different glomeruli
These neurons then synapse on ______-> refines the smell sense and relays it to the bran for further processing
Info goes from olfactory bulb to _____ route and _____ route

Answer 23

Glomeruli
Odour
Mitral cells
Subcortical
Thalamo-cortical

Question 24

______ route to regions of lambic system-medial sides of temporal lobe (primary olfactory cortex)
_____ route for conscious perception of smell and fine discrimination of smell

Answer 24

Subcortical
Thalamo -cortical

Question 25

Olfaction at cortical neurons follow “_______”

Answer 25

Populating coding

Question 26

________- accessory olfactory bulb pathways (pheromone detection)

Answer 26

Vomeronasal organ

Question 27

There is evidence in animals that the _____ via, major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules, can leave a distinct ___ in urine that can be detected by mice
Mice will more likely mate with ____ mice rather than ___ mice if confronted with multiple mates . This is a means to prevent he defects associated with ____

Answer 27

Immune system
Odor
Distantly relates, closely related
In-breeding