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Med310A > Adrenal Endocrinology & Stress > Flashcards

Adrenal Endocrinology & Stress Flashcards

1
Q

This gland is the downstream of hypothalamic and anterior pituitary stimulation

A

Adrenal

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2
Q

Medulla arises from neural ____ and cortex from_____

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm

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3
Q

Adrenal ____ secretes catecholamines

A

Medulla

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4
Q

Adrenal_____ secretes steroids

A

Cortex

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5
Q

During fetal development the cortex engulfs the _____

A

Medulla

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6
Q

Both ___ and ____ are secreted by fasciculata and reticular is zones

A

Cortisol
androgens

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7
Q

Synthesis of adrenal cortex hormones :
All are ____ derived from cholesterol

A

Steroids

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8
Q

Synthesis of adrenal cortex hormones:
Cholesterol is transported in blood as ____

A

LDL

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9
Q

Synthesis of adrenal cortex hormones:
LDL surface receptors bind LDL which is endocytosed by a cell to provide ______

A

Cholesterol

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10
Q

Angiotensin II or elevated plasma potassium in outer zone and well as ACTH in middle and inner zones regulate the amount of _____ hormones produced

A

Adrenal cortex

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11
Q

_______ (hormone)
Stimulates and maintains cellular growth
Too much= hypertrophy
Too little: atrophy
Up regulates LDL receptors

A

ACTH

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12
Q

This hormone regulates :
Carbohydrate, protein, and fat intermediary metabolism
Protects during acute stress
Anti inflammatory and immunosuppressive
Permissive actions for other hormones

A

Cortisol

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13
Q

Metabolic effects of ______:
Raises blood glucose
Raises blood amino acid level
Raises blood fatty acid level

A

Cortisol

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14
Q

Cortisol is protective during acute ____
Stimulates CRH/ACTH/cortisol secretion
MEtabolic actions increase raw materials needed to respond to this

A

Stress

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15
Q

Cortisol is necessary for epinephrine and norepinephrine to adequate;y constrict ______

A

Blood vessels

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16
Q

________ syndrome
-Excessive CRH or ACTH production from hypothalamus/anterior pituitary
- ACTH-secreting tumours that arise elsewhere in the body
- adrenal cortex tumours that secrete cortisol independently from ACTH control

A

Cushings

17
Q

Symptoms of excess _______: high blood glucose and protein catabolism, fat redistribution to thorax and abdomen, facial edema

A

Cortisol

18
Q

_________ syndrome: sex steroid hypersecretion
-androgen if hypersecretion
- steroid production independently from ACTH control
-clinical symptoms depend upon timing of excess secretion

A

Adrenogenital syndrome

19
Q

_____ disease : adrenocortical insufficiency
Adrenal cortex is being destroyed by autoimmune reactions
Aldosterone/cortisol deficiency most critical and life threatening if not treated
Gonads contribute to sex steroid production
Lack of adrenal hormone production by reduced hormone production at hypothalamus/anterior pituitary

A

Addison’s

20
Q

The adrenal medulla is a modified component of the ______ nervous system

A

Sympathetic

21
Q

A response of :
-Sudden sympathetic outflow from CNS
- prepares body for sudden intense activity during physical danger
- occurs also with mental or emotional abuse

A

Fight or flight

22
Q

Fight or flight response :
Does oxygen delivery to skeletal muscles and heart increase or decrease ?
Decrease or increase in metabolic fuels ?
Increased or decrease digestion and secretion ?

A

Increase
Increase
Decrease

23
Q

Fight or flight response :
These responses re enhanced by ______
Relaxation of smooth muscle in airways
Increase glucose
Relaxation of bladder and GI tract

A

Epinephrine

24
Q

Role of ___ and ___ during stress:
Retention of sodium and water:
- Protects ECF and blood volume
-important during heavy sweating and in case of blood loss

A

ADh
Aldosterone

25
Q

Role of ______ during stress:
-opposes effects if insulin to increases the blood glucose concentration
- glucagon , cortisol, and epinephrine exhibit the phenomenon of synergism: their combined effects to raise glucose levels are greater than additive

A

Glucagon

26
Q

Results of prolonged ____ may include:
-hypertension
-hyperglycaemia
-hyperlipidemia
-increase in infections and allergies
-insomnia
-headaches
-depression
-learning and memory problems

A

Stress

Med310A (29 decks)

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