11A: Covid Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are CoVs?
Corona viruses - large family of single-stranded RNA viruses
What are other examples of CoVs?
MERS and SARS
Describe the appearance of CoVs
Crown-like due to spikey glycoproteins on the outside
What % of the population are healthy carriers of CoV?
2%
What % of all acute respiratory infections are caused by CoVs?
5-10%
When will upper and lower respiratory tract infections likely form with CoVs?
Upper - immunocompetent people
Lower - immunocompromised people
Describe how the COVID-19 virus invades?
- Glycoproteins on the outside of the virus attach to ACE 2 receptor
- ACE 2 brings into pneumocyte cells
What three things does the COVID-19 virus trigger?
- Synthesis and release of more virus into the blood
- Inflammatory response
- Immune system increase of WBC, prostaglandins, leukotrienes
What systems are impacted by COVID-19?
- Pulmonary
Also: GI, MSK, neuro, integumentary
What is the pulmonary impact of COVID-19?
Causes fluid to build up between the alveoli and capillary - interstitial space
Why is the build up of fluid problematic?
Interferes with gas exchange
What can happen as the disease progresses and leads to ARDS?
Inflammation inside of alveoli - fluid becomes pulmonary edema
What are the general initial symptoms of COVID-19?
Fever, malaise, dry cough, headache, dyspnea, GI issues, taste/smell
What vital changes will happen with initial development of COVID-19?
Increased RR, HR, and BP
What will show up on a CT with initial COVID-19?
- Inflammatory infiltrations
- Patchy or segmental GGOs
- Multiple lobes in bilateral lungs
What are GGOs?
Ground glass opacities
How will COVID-19 and pneumonia appear different on imaging?
COVID = bilatreal
Pneumonia = unilateral
Describe mild COVID-19
No/mild respiratory impairment - can be moderate but does not require hospitalization
Describe severe COVID-19
- Dyspnea
- Hypoxia
- > 50% lung involvement with 24-48 hrs
- RR > 30
- SpO2 < 93
- PaO2/FiO2 < 300
Describe critical COVID-19
- Respiratory failure
- Shock
- Multiorgan dysfunction/failure
What are 5 characteristics of cytokine storm?
- Immune cells rapidly multiple and invade lungs and heart
- Blood leaks into interstitial space
- Blood begins to clot
- Decreased BP
- Organs fail due to lack of O2
What neuro issues are associated with COVID-19?
- Confusion, delirium
- Viral encephalopathy
- Stroke from increased BP
What complication can cytokine storm lead to?
Platelet aggregation and thrombosis - DVT and clotting issues
Why is skin integrity an issue with COVID-19?
Bedrest
