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Clin Med III - Final > 12A: GI > Flashcards

12A: GI Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are signs and symptoms of GI disease?

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, dysphagia, heartburn, pain, GI bleeding, fecal incontinence

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2
Q

What is the cause of nausea?

A

Nerve endings in stomach are irritated

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3
Q

What are the four signs of a GI bleed?

A
  1. Coffee ground emesis
  2. Hematesis
  3. Melena
  4. Hematochezia
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4
Q

What is coffee-ground emesis?

A

Vomiting of blood that is dark brown

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5
Q

What is hematesis?

A

Vomiting bright red color

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6
Q

What is melena?

A

Dark and tarry stools

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7
Q

What is hematochezia?

A

Bleeding from rectum

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8
Q

What are major causes of GI bleeds?

A
  • Severe gastritis
  • Peptic ulcers
  • NSAIDs
  • Chronic ETOH
  • Anticoagulants
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9
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

Lower part of esophagus at stomach migrates up into thoracic cage

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10
Q

What should you avoid with hiatal hernias?

A
  • Supine
  • Valsalva
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11
Q

What is GERD?

A

Gastric acid reflux into esophagus

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12
Q

What is the difference between reflux, indigestion, and GERD?

A

Reflux/indigestion = occasional
GERD = chronic, structural damage to esophageal lining

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13
Q

What is the cause of GERD?

A

Low pressure of LES - slower GI motility gives esophagus longer exposure to acids

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14
Q

What are signs of GERD?

A

Heartburn, irritability, refusal to feed, dysphagia, cough

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15
Q

What aggravates GERD symptoms?

A

Recumbency, bending, meals

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16
Q

What can GERD lead to?

A

Laryngitis, morning hoarseness

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17
Q

How is GERD diagnosed?

A

Barium swallow, endoscopy

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18
Q

What is GERD linked to?

A

Development of esophageal cancer

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19
Q

What are interventions for GERD?

A
  • Antacids, meds
  • Surgery to tighten sphincter
  • Supine positioning
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20
Q

What foods should people with GERD avoid?

Study These Flashcards
A

Caffeine, smoking, acidic food, spicy food, fatty or fried food

21
Q

What is PUD?

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A

Peptic Ulcer Disease - break in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

22
Q

What are the most common causes of PUD?

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A
  • Genetic, chemical, bacterial
  • NSAIDs, low-dose aspirin, H pylori bacterial infection
23
Q

When is gastric PUD more common?

24
Q

When is duodenal PUD most common?

25
What are risk factors for gastric ulcers?
- Smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs, H pylori - Defective mucosal defense - Gastric hypersecretion
26
What are symptoms of PUD?
Typically none - no pain
27
How is PUD diagnosed?
GI bleed
28
If there is pain with PUD, how will it present?
- Burning, gnawing, cramping - T6-T10 radiation - Relieved with eating
29
Describe PUD with older adults?
- Bleeding if > 60 - Pay attention to anticoagulants
30
What are interventions for PUD?
- Treat the cause - Meds to decrease acid and increase motility
31
What are the two types of IBD?
Chron's and Ulceritive Colitis
32
What is Chron's?
Inflammation of the ileum and colon
33
What is Ulcerative Colitis?
Inflammation of the rectum
34
What are signs and symptoms of IBD?
- Abdominal pain - Diarrhea - Bloody stool - Weight loss - Joint pain
35
What else can IBD cause?
Bleeding and colon cancer
36
What is IBS?
Cluster of symptoms with no real structural or chemical sign - likely GI motility issue
37
Who is most likely to develop IBS?
Women 20-40
38
What are symptoms of IBS?
- Abdominal pain constant or intermittent - Nausea, vomiting - Anorexia - Bloating or distension
39
How is IBS diagnosed?
History, sigmoidoscopy
40
What are treatments for IBS?
Stress reduction, exercise, medication, dietary modification
41
What is diverticulitis?
Inflammation of the diverticula
42
When is diverticulitis the most common?
Adults > 60
43
Describe symptoms of diverticulitis?
L abdominal quadrant pain, can radiate to back
44
What are interventions for diverticulitis?
Meds - surgery is recurrent
45
What is peritonitis?
Inflammation of the membranous lining of the abdominal wall
46
What are causes of peritonitis?
Infection, trauma, surgery, contamination by bowel contents
47
How is peritonitis diagnosed?
X-ray, CT
48
What is the treatment for peritonitis?
-Fluids, antibiotics, electrolytes, surgery

Clin Med III - Final (14 decks)

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