1.1a- Skeletal & Muscular- Muscles Flashcards
(47 cards)
fixator muscle
Muscle that functions as a joint stabilizer. Work with the agonist in creating movement by stabilising bones
Synergist
muscle that aids the action of the prime mover
Insertion
The end of the muscle that is furthest away from the torso and moves if a muscle contracts
Origin
Site where bone and muscle are attached but do not move during contraction. Closest to body
Motor neurone
a cell of the central nervous system. They transmit signals to muscle cells or glands to control their function and output.
Action potential
the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle and nerve cells. How the electrical impulse travels into the muscles and causes contractions.
Axon
the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to the other cells.
neuromuscular junction
a synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle. The site of transmission for action potential.
synaptic cleft
the gap between neurons that the electrical impulse travels across- helps the impulses to travel from one side to the other.
Acetylcholine
a compound which occurs throughout the nervous system, in which it functions as a neurotransmitter
All or nothing
Refers to the fact that a neurone either conducts an action potential or it does not.
Type 1 muscle fibers
Slow oxidative fibres
type 2a fibers
fast oxidative glycotic fibers
type 2b fibers
fast glycolytic fibers
Type 1 characteristics
oxidative, difficult to fatigue, does not produce much lactic acid, produces low tension and force, has a slow contractile speed
Type 2a characteristics
has properties of both slow and fast twitch, produces more tension than type 1, fatigue more quickly than type 1, moderate contraction strength and speed
Type 2b characteristics
White colour, anaerobic, short fast bursts, prone to fatigue and create lactic acid
Voluntary muscle
A muscle that is under conscious control. Moves the arms and legs and is attached to bones
Aka skeletal muscle
Involuntary muscle
A muscle that is not under conscious control, found in organs and we don’t choose to move it
Aka smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
Forms the walls of the heart chambers- type of involuntary muscle
Doesn’t tire
Structural characteristics
What muscle fibres are made of
Functional characteristics
How a fibre uses its features/ works
Fibre size
The strength and power it can exert
Number of mitochondria
This is where the body processes energy for use within the aerobic energy system
