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iGCSE CS 25 > 1.2 & 1.3 Text, Images, Sound, Memory Size > Flashcards

1.2 & 1.3 Text, Images, Sound, Memory Size Flashcards

1
Q

What is a bitmap image?

A

A collection of pixels where each pixel is assigned a value that represents it’s colour.

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2
Q

What is a pixel?

A

Short for picture element
The smallest block of colour in an image

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3
Q

What is colour/bit depth?

A

The number of bits used to represent the colour of a single pixel

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4
Q

How many colours can be stored using 1-bit?

A

2

There are 2 possible values - 0 or 1

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5
Q

How many colours can be stored using 2-bits?

A

4

There are 4 possible values (00, 01, 10, 11)

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6
Q

How many colours can be stored using 4-bits?

A

16

Range of possible value is 0000 - 1111 = 0 - 15

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7
Q

For n bits you can store 2^n different colour codes.

How many colours can be stored using 12 bits?

A

4096 (2^12)

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8
Q

What is image resolution?

A

The number of pixels in the image e.g. 600 px x 400 px = 240 000 px

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9
Q

How do you calculate the memory size of an image?

A

image size = number of pixels x colour depth

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10
Q

If a 12-bit colour depth is used and the image size is 800 x 600 pixels, what is the minimum file size for the image in bytes?

A

Number of pixels = 800 x 600
Number of bits per pixel = 12
Total number of bits = 12 x 800 x 600 = 5760000
Number of bytes = 5760000 ÷ 8 = 720000 bytes

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11
Q

What is meant by image metadata?

A

Image files usually also contain metadata .
Metadata means ‘data about data’
It provides additional information about the image.
Computers needs this data to interpret the file

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12
Q

Give 3 examples of image metadata

A

file format - eg JPG, GIF, BMP, PNG
resolution
colour depth
time/date the image was taken
camera settings
GPS data

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13
Q

Explain how captured camera images are converted to digital photo files

A

Image is turned into pixels
Pixels form a grid
Each pixel is give a binary value which represents a colour
Pixels are stored in the correct sequence
Meta data is also stored about the image e.g. dimensions/resolution/colour depth
Different file formats are used e.g. JPEG

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14
Q

What happens when you increase the colour depth of an image?

A

The quality of the image increases
You are more accurately able to represent the range of colours
Also increases the memory size of the image

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15
Q

What happens when you increase the number of pixels in an image?

A

The density of pixels in the same sized area increases
More pixels per inch, improving sharpness
Can enlarge without visible loss of quality
Increases the memory size of the image

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16
Q

What is an ADC?

A

Analogue-to-digital converter
Samples and converts an analogue signal into an equivalent digital signal

17
Q

What is a DAC?

A

Digital-to-analogue converter
Converts a digital signal into an equivalent electrical analogue signal

18
Q

What is the difference between analogue and digital signals?

A

Analogue signals cover a whole continuous range of values.
Digital signals change in discrete steps e.g. have only two values - off (0) and on (1)

19
Q

What is the sample/sampling rate of sound?

A

The number of samples taken per second of sound
1 Hertz (Hz) is one sample per second.
Audio CD is 44.1KHz

20
Q

What is the sample/sampling resolution of sound?

A

The number of bits used to store each sample / measurement of the height of the wave
Also known as bit depth

21
Q

What is the bit rate of sound?

A

The number of bits required to store 1 second of sound
Bit Rate = Sample Rate x Sample Resolution

22
Q

A typical audio CD has a bit rate of 16 bits per sample, per channel. The sample rate is 44.1KHz and there are 2 channels. How many bytes of storage are needed for 5 seconds?

A

44,100 samples taken each second.
5 x 44100 = 220 500 samples on one channel for 5 secs
220 500 x 2 = 441 000 samples on both channels
16 bits = 2 bytes for each sample
441 000 x 2 bytes = 882 000 bytes.

23
Q

Advantage: A higher sample rate and sample resolution means _______

A

Advantage: A higher sample rate and sample resolution means better quality music

24
Q

Disadvantage: A higher sample rate and sample resolution means _________

A

Disadvantage: A higher sample rate and sample resolution means _________

more bandwidth required for transmission
more memory space required for storage.

25
Q

State 3 advantages of digital sound

A

It can be edited and manipulated easily by computer equipment.
It is more portable
It can be played over and over again without deterioration.
It can be easily copied on a computer.
Digital audio files can be easily emailed, downloaded and streamed by users.

26
Q

How are analogue sounds recorded in binary?

A

The amplitude (height) of the wave is measured and sampled at regular intervals
How often the height is measured is known as the sample rate
The sample resolution is the number of bits used to measure the height

27
Q

How many bits in a byte?
How many bits in a nibble?
How many nibbles in 4 bytes?

A

How many bits in a byte? 8
How many bits in a nibble? 4
How many nibbles in 4 bytes? 8

28
Q

Put the following memory units in ascending (smallest to largest) order of size?

tebibyte (TiB), byte, kibibyte (KiB), mebibyte (MiB), bit, exbibyte (EiB), pebibyte (PiB), nibble, gibibyte (GiB)

A

bit, nibble, byte, kibibyte (KiB), mebibyte (MiB), gibibyte (GiB), tebibyte (TiB), pebibyte (PiB), exbibyte (EiB)

29
Q

How many bytes are in 1 kibibyte (KiB)?

A

1024 (2^10)

30
Q

How would you convert from bits to MiB?

A

Division
bits -> bytes -> KiB -> MiB
/ 8 / 1024 / 1024

31
Q

How would you convert from EiB to TiB?

A

Multiplication
EiB -> PiB -> TiB
x 1024 x 1024 (or x 2^20)

32
Q

A 32-second sound clip will be recorded. The sound will be sampled 16000 times a second. Each sample will be stored using 8 bits. Calculate the file size in kibibytes. You must show all of your working (3 marks)

A

2 marks from …
16000 * 32 = 512000
512000 / 1024 = 500
Or
16000 * 8 = 128000
12800 * 32 = 409600
409600 / 8 = 51200
512000 / 1024 = 500

1 mark for final answer
500

33
Q

List all of the memory units in descending (largest to smallest) order of size?

exbibyte (EiB) …

A

exbibyte (EiB)
pebibyte (PiB)
tebibyte (TiB)
gibibyte (GiB)
mebibyte (MiB)
kibibyte (KiB)
byte
nibble
bit

34
Q

How many bytes are in 1 Tebibyte(TiB)?

A

1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes

or

2^40 bytes

iGCSE CS 25 (8 decks)

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