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iGCSE CS 25 > 5.1 & 3.4 The Internet and the WWW & Network Hardware > Flashcards

5.1 & 3.4 The Internet and the WWW & Network Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the Internet and World Wide Web?

A
  • The Internet is a global infrastructure of interconnected networks …
    • … uses transmission protocols (TCP) and internet protocols (IP)
  • The World Wide Web is only a part of the internet that users can access using web browser software …
    • uses http/https protocols
  • The World Wide Web uses the Internet to access information from web servers
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2
Q

Internet or WWW?

  • Users can send and receive emails?
  • Uses the internet to access information from web servers?
  • Web resources are accessed by web browsers?
  • Allows online chatting (via text, audio and video)?
  • Makes use of transmission protocols (TCP) and internet protocols (IP)?
  • Uses the http(s) protocols and the hypertext mark-up language (HTML)?
  • It is a worldwide collection of interconnected networks and devices?
  • Uniform resource locators (URLs) are used to specify the location of web pages?
A

Internet or WWW?

  • Users can send and receive emails? Internet
  • Uses the internet to access information from web servers? WWW
  • Web resources are accessed by web browsers? WWW
  • Allows online chatting (via text, audio and video)? Internet
  • Makes use of transmission protocols (TCP) and internet protocols (IP)? Internet
  • Uses the http(s) protocols and the hypertext mark-up language (HTML)? WWW
  • It is a worldwide collection of interconnected networks and devices? Internet
  • Uniform resource locators (URLs) are used to specify the location of web pages? WWW
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3
Q

What is a web browser?

A
  • Software that enables users to access resources on the WWW
  • It contains an address bar where the user can enter a URL
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4
Q

What are the functions of a browser?

A
  • Software that enables users to access resources on the WWW
  • It contains an address bar where the user can enter a URL
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5
Q

What is HTTP?

A
  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • A protocol that defines how messages are transmitted and formatted over the World Wide Web
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6
Q

Describe what is meant by HTTPS

A
  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
  • A protocol that defines how messages are transmitted (securely) and formatted over the World Wide Web
  • It means data sent to and from the web server is encrypted
  • A locked padlock is shown in the browser
  • It means a website uses TLS/SSL
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7
Q

What is a protocol?

A
  • A set of rules that define how devices communicate e.g. HTTP
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8
Q

What is a URL?

A
  • Uniform Resource Locator
  • The website address typed into a web browser
  • Made up of Protocol, Domain name & file name e.g https://www.bbc.com/index.html
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9
Q

Identify the 3 main parts that make up a URL

A

https://www.bbc.com/news/uk/index.html

  • Protocol e.g. https
  • Domain name e.g. www.bbc.com
  • File name and path e.g news/uk/index.html
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10
Q

What is meant by a fully qualified domain name?

A

A fully qualified domain name contains both a

  • Domain host e.g. www
  • Domain name e.g. bbc.com, apple.com

It can also be broken down further

  • Domain type e.g. .com, .gov, .org
  • And sometimes a country code e.g. ,uk, .de
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11
Q

Describe what is meant by Domain Name

A
  • A web servers name.
  • Each domain name is unique.
  • Used to identify IP addresses.
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12
Q

Describe what is meant by ISP?

A
  • Internet Service Providers
  • Companies that provide the user with access to the internet e.g. Virgin, BT, Sky
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13
Q

Describe what is meant by DNS

A
  • Domain Name System
  • Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses
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14
Q

Describe how a DNS server works

A
  • Contains a database of IP addresses
  • When you request an address (URL) …
  • …it looks up the URL in a table and …
  • …returns the corresponding IP address
  • …or searches for the address from another server
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15
Q

What is a web server?

A
  • Device that responds to requests to provide information and services over the world wide web
  • Distributes web pages (and other resources) as they are requested
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16
Q

Give 3 examples of a server other than a web server

A
  • File server
  • Email server
  • Print Server
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17
Q

How does a web browser use the URL to access a web page

A
  • Web browser sends URL to DNS server
  • IP address sent back to web browser
  • Web browser sends request to IP address of web server
  • Web server sends web page to web browser
  • Web browser interprets HTML and displays the web page
18
Q

What is a a NIC?

A
  • Network Interface Card
  • connects a computer to a computer network
  • formats the data sent from the computer into a required format according to the protocols (rules) of the network e.g. TCP/IP.
  • Each NIC has a unique ID known as a MAC address assigned to it
19
Q

Describe what is meant by a MAC address

A
  • Media Access Control
  • Unique ID assigned to a Network Interface Card
  • Hardware address - assigned by a manufacturer
  • It does not change
  • 12 Hex digits e.g. 3A-34-53-C4-69-B8 (First 6 digits Manufacturer ID, Last 6 digits Serial Number)
20
Q

Describe what is meant by an IP address

A
  • Internet Protocol address
  • A unique address for each device on a network / the Internet
  • Software address - allocated by the network
  • It can be
    • static (does not change)
    • dynamic (can change)
  • Two versions
    • IPv4 (32 bit/4 bytes e.g. 172.16.254.1)
    • IPv6 (128 bit/16 bytes)
  • It can be
    • private (used on a local network)
    • public (used by a device on the internet)
21
Q

What are cookies?

A
  • Small packets of data
  • Browsing data stored in a text file
  • Stored by the browser on users computer
  • Used by the website when it is visited again
22
Q

State 2 different types of cookies

A
  • Session Cookies
  • Persistent Cookies
23
Q

Explain the difference between a session and persistent cookie

A

Session cookies

  • Stored in temporary memory
  • No longer exist when the browser is closed
  • e.g. virtual sh_____ bas____

Persistent cookies

  • Stored on a users hard drive until deleted or expires
  • Still exist even after the browser is closed
  • Websites should encrypt any personal information
  • e.g. user’s log in details
24
Q

True or False?

  • Cookies can be used to store a user’s credit card details
  • Cookies can be used to track the items a user has viewed on a website
  • Cookies will corrupt the data on a user’s computer
  • Cookies are downloaded onto a user’s computer
  • Cookies can be deleted from a user’s computer
  • Cookies are are sent to the website when you visit it gagain
A

True or False?

  • Cookies can be used to store a user’s credit card details True
  • Cookies can be used to track the items a user has viewed on a website True
  • Cookies will corrupt the data on a user’s computer False
  • Cookies are downloaded onto a user’s computer True
  • Cookies can be deleted from a user’s computer True
  • Cookies are are sent to the website when you visit it again True
25
Q

Why do websites use cookies?

A
  • to store personal information
  • to store login details
  • to save items in a shopping basket
  • to customise web pages
  • to track visited websites
  • to carry out targeted advertising
  • to store credit card details
26
Q

What is HTML?

A
  • Hypertext Mark-up Language
  • A web authoring (mark up) language used to create web pages
  • It is uses tags to define the structure e.g. h1, h2, p
  • Note: it can be used for presentation/formatting, but normall CSS
27
Q

What is CSS?

A
  • Cascading Style Sheets
  • Used for presentation
  • Used so that formatting information does have to be included with the content and layout
  • Style sheets hold the formatting information for particular tags e.g.
    • h1 { color: blue; }
28
Q

What are the advantages of CSS?

A
  • Style only needs to be defined once and it is then applied to all instances .
  • Only needs to be changed in one place
  • Same style can be applied to many different documents
  • Pages will load faster as there is less description
29
Q

Why is HTML important?

A
  • It is an accepted standard, so all browsers will display the data correctly.
  • Enables a web browser to interpret a file and display the content
30
Q

Describe the use of structure and presentation in a HTML document

A
  • Structure (HTML) is used to create the layout
    • Mark up tags are used to define the structure (although presentation can be included in the tag)
    • e.g h1, h2, p
  • Presentation (CSS) is used to format colour/style
    • e.g. h1 { color: blue; }
  • Structure and presentation are often kept separate making it easier to update the style
    • A CSS file is linked to a HTML document to define the style of the entire page
31
Q

What is external CSS?

A

CSS: Cascading Style sheets
Seperate CSS files for presentation allow changes to a website style/formatting to only be made in one place.

32
Q

What is a a NIC?

A
  • Network Interface Card
  • connects a computer to a computer network
  • formats the data sent from the computer into a required format according to the protocols (rules) of the network e.g. TCP/IP.
  • Each NIC has a unique ID known as a MAC address assigned to it
33
Q

Describe what is meant by a MAC address

A
  • Media Access Control
  • Unique ID assigned to a Network Interface Card
  • Hardware address - assigned by a manufacturer
  • It does not change
  • 12 Hex digits e.g. 3A-34-53-C4-69-B8 (First 6 digits Manufacturer ID, Last 6 digits Serial Number)
34
Q

Describe what is meant by an IP address

A
  • Internet Protocol address
  • A unique address for each device on a network / the Internet
  • Software address - allocated by the network
  • It can be
    • static (does not change)
    • dynamic (can change)
  • Two versions
    • IPv4 (32 bit/4 bytes e.g. 172.16.254.1)
    • IPv6 (128 bit/16 bytes)
  • It can be
    • private (used on a local network)
    • public (used by a device on the internet)
35
Q

What is a router?

A
  • A piece of network hardware
  • It has 2 IP addresses
  • Uses IP addresses to send data packets from router to router
  • Uses routing algorithms to determine optimum route for data packets
  • Connects 2 or more networks e.g. between a local network and the Internet
  • Converts the data to a protocol understood by different networks
36
Q

Static or Dynamic IP address?

  • They allow each device to be fully traceable
  • Greater privacy since they change each time a user logs on
  • Less reliable as it can disconnect and change the IP address
  • Allow for faster upload and download speeds
  • More expensive to maintain since the device must be constantly running
A

Static or Dynamic IP address?

  • They allow each device to be fully traceable (Static)
  • Greater privacy since they change each time a user logs on (Dynamic)
  • Less reliable as it can disconnect and change the IP address (Dynamic)
  • Allow for faster upload and download speeds (Static)
  • More expensive to maintain since the device must be constantly running (Static)
37
Q

MAC address or IP address?

  • Identifies the global address on the internet
  • May not necessarily be unique
  • Identifies the physical address of a device on the network
  • Assigned by the manufacturer of the device and is part of the NIC
  • Unique for device on the network
  • When a packet of data is sent and received, the MAC address is used to identify the senders and recipient’s devices
  • Use 48 bits
  • Used in routing operations as they specifically identify where the device is connected to the internet
  • Use either 32 bits (IPv4) or 128 bits (IPv6)
A

MAC address or IP address?

  • Identifies the global address on the internet (IP)
  • May not necessarily be unique (IP)
  • Identifies the physical address of a device on the network (MAC)
  • Assigned by the manufacturer of the device and is part of the NIC (MAC)
  • Unique for device on the network (MAC)
  • When a packet of data is sent and received, the MAC address is used to identify the senders and recipient’s devices (MAC)
  • Use 48 bits (MAC)
  • Used in routing operations as they specifically identify where the device is connected to the internet (IP)
  • Use either 32 bits (IPv4) or 128 bits (IPv6) (IP)
38
Q

True or False?

  • A MAC address is unique to a computer on a network
  • Once an IP address has been set it cannot be changed
  • A MAC address is made up of the computer’s serial number and the IP address
  • If a computer does not have an IP address it cannot communicate with another device using the Internet
  • An IP address can be used instead of a URL
  • A MAC address is allocated by the network
  • IP addresses and MAC are addreses are both unique
A

True or False?

  • A MAC address is unique to a computer on a network (True)
  • Once an IP address has been set it cannot be changed (False)
  • A MAC address is made up of the computer’s serial number and the IP address (False)
  • If a computer does not have an IP address it cannot communicate with another device using the Internet (True)
  • An IP address can be used instead of a URL (True)
  • A MAC address is allocated by the network (False)
  • IP addresses and MAC are addreses are both unique (True)
39
Q

Identify the device on the network that can connect multiple devices and automatically assign them an IP address

A

Router

40
Q

Describe what is meant by a dynamic IP address

A
  • It can be used to uniquely identify a device (on a network)
  • It can change …
  • … each time the device is connected to the network

iGCSE CS 25 (8 decks)

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