1.2

Question 1

What is the proteome

Answer 1

Entire set of proteins expressed by the genome

Question 2

How can more than one protein be produced from a single gene?

Answer 2

Alternative RNA splicing

Question 3

What type of genes that do not code for proteins

Answer 3

Noncoding RNA genes

Question 4

What are Noncoding RNA genes are transcribed to produce?

Answer 4

tRNA
rRNA
RNA molecules that control gene expression

Question 5

Name the factors that affect a set of proteins

Answer 5

Diseased
Signalling
Molecules activity
Cellular stress

Question 6

What type surface area does eukaryotic cells compared to the volume as a result of their size?

Answer 6

Relatively small

Question 7

What endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on its cytosolic face?

Answer 7

RER

Question 8

Which endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes?

Answer 8

SER

Question 9

Where are lipids synthesised?

Answer 9

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Where does the synthesis of all proteins begin?

Answer 10

Cytosolic ribosomes

Question 11

What occurs once the transmembrane proteins carry a signal sequence?

Answer 11

Halts translation and directs the ribosome synthesising the protein to dock with the ER to RER.

Question 12

What is the signal sequence?

Answer 12

Short amino acid sequence at end of polypeptide which determines the location

Question 13

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 13

A series of flattened membrane discs for processing and packaging of proteins.

Question 14

What is a lysosome?

Answer 14

Membrane bound organelle. That has hydrolases which digest protein, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates.

Question 15

Why is the interior of lysosomes acidic?

Answer 15

Optimal function of the enzyme

Question 16

What are vesicles?

Answer 16

Transport materials between membrane compartments. Consist of aq solution in lipid bilayer.

Question 17

What continues after the protein is docked?

Answer 17

Translation

Question 18

Where is the protein inserted into?

Answer 18

Membrane of ER

Question 19

Once proteins are in the ER how are they transported

Answer 19

By vesicles

Question 20

As the proteins bud off the ER, where do they fuse?

Answer 20

The Golgi apparatus

Question 21

As proteins move through the Golgi apparatus, what occurs?

Answer 21

Post transitional modifications

Question 22

What are post translational modifications?

Answer 22

Covalent modifications which are made to proteins after translation.

Question 23

How do molecules move through Golgi discs?

Answer 23

by vesicles

Question 24

What is the major post-translational modification?

Answer 24

Addition of a carbohydrate

Question 25

When vesicles leave the Golgi apparatus, where are they taken to?

Answer 25

Plasma membrane and lysosomes

Question 26

In transport of vesicles, where do they move along?

Answer 26

Microtubules

Question 27

A what is a vesicles attached to in the transport of vesicles

Answer 27

Motor protein

Question 28

The vesicle with attached motor protein, where does it move?

Answer 28

Along the microtubule of the cytoskeleton

Question 29

How does this vesicles move along the microtubule of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 29

Uses energy from ATP hydrolysis

Question 30

State the path the protein made at the ribosome on the RER?

Answer 30

Ribosome on ER-Golgi apparatus- lysosome- plasma membrane or secretory vesicle

Question 31

Name the path of a secretory protein is made at the ribosome on the RER?

Answer 31

Ribosome on ER- Golgi apparatus- secretory vesicles- out

Question 32

Where are secretory proteins are translated

Answer 32

In ribosome of RER and enter its lumen

Question 33

What 2 examples of secretory proteins

Answer 33

Peptide hormones and digestive enzymes

Question 34

Proteins move through the Golgi apparatus and are packaged into what

Answer 34

Secretory vesicles

Question 35

Where does the secretory vesicles move to and fuse with?

Answer 35

Plasma membrane

Question 36

What is proteolytic cleavage a part of

Answer 36

Post translational modification

Question 37

Digestive enzymes are an example of secretory proteins that need something to be active, what do they need

Answer 37

Proteolytic cleavage

Question 38

What determines the protein structure

Answer 38

Amino acid sequence

Question 39

Polymers of amino acid monomers are what

Answer 39

Proteins

Question 40

Amino acids are linked by which bonds

Answer 40

Peptide

Question 41

What do amino acid linked peptide bonds form

Answer 41

Polypeptides

Question 42

How do r groups vary

Answer 42

Size, shape, hydrogen bonding capacity and chemical reactivity

Question 43

How are amino acids classified according to R groups

Answer 43

Basic (+), acidic (-), polar (NH or OH) and hydrophobic (C-CH3)

Question 44

BLUE

Answer 44

STICKY NOTES

Question 45

What type of binding is found in the backbone

Answer 45

Hydrogen bonding