1.2 - 1.6

Question 1

The pressure of a tropical cyclones

Answer 1

Much lower air pressure than than the air surrounding. Highest pressure at the eye and lowest pressure at cloud bands

Question 2

Whats the rotational direction

Answer 2

Depends on the hemisphere, northern is clockwise and southern is anticlockwise.

Question 3

Structure of a cyclone

Answer 3

Centre is the eye with no wind. Around the eye is the eye wall. Very intense area. And goes further out in circles

Question 4

Locations

Answer 4

Inter-tropical convergence zone

Question 5

Explain the formation

Answer 5

Strong clusters of thunderstorms drift over warm water. Causing warm air to rise and creates low pressure at the surface. A trade wind then blows the cyclone causing the cyclone to start spinning

Question 6

How do they intensify

Answer 6

Warmer waters, stronger winds and higher pressure

Question 7

Why do they lose energy

Answer 7

They disperse when they go over water or when other weather systems come in contact

Question 8

Hazards from tropical cyclones

Answer 8

Floods, storm surges, intense rainfall, land slides, strong winds

Question 9

Impacts on people and environments

Answer 9

Loss of housing and companies, death, loss of property, decontamination of farms and water. Destruction of habitats and ecosystems. Increase of pollution

Question 10

What areas are they the most vulnerable

Answer 10

Coastal areas as the storms are strongest and coastal areas are flooded. They also receive the full force of storm surges. Low lying areas can also be flooded. Islands as the energy isn’t decimated. Developing and emerging are effected more as they don’t have the money and resources to prepare and respond to storms effectively

Question 11

What are the four different natural factors that have caused world climates to change

Answer 11

Orbital change: eccentricity, Tilt and precession(wobble). Astroid collisions, volcanic activity, solar output variation.

Question 12

What is eccentricity

Answer 12

When the orbit of the earth changes from circular to elliptical every 100,000 years

Question 13

What is tilt

Answer 13

The axis of the earths tilts more upright to more on its side throughout 41000 years

Question 14

What is wobble

Answer 14

The axis tilt also wobbles like a spinning top throughout 26000 years

Question 15

How does emission of dust effect global climate change

Answer 15

The dust blocks out the concentration of solar rays causing a cooling in the atmosphere

Question 16

Is a sun spot hot or cold?

Answer 16

A black spot is very hot as it means more is burning

Question 17

What do ice cores tell us and how?

Answer 17

It shows the amount of CO2 containing. We can also measure temperature using relative amounts of oxygen atoms

Question 18

How can tree rings teach us of the climate change

Answer 18

We can tell that the thicker the ring, the more rainfall that season had.

Question 19

What does historical evidence tell us?

Answer 19

Evidence such as photos, stories and diaries can teach us a lot about how the world and the climate looked like many years ago

Question 20

Evidence that the earth was hotter

Answer 20

Romans were able to grow grape vines in Britain.

Question 21

Evidence that the earth was colder

Answer 21

The many ice ages, the river thames used to freeze over during all of winter.

Question 22

How have humans enhanced greenhouse gases

Answer 22

Through industry CO2 is released and trees are cut down, through agriculture trees are also cut down and methane is released which is 21 times worse than CO2. Through transport, cars and planes are becoming cheaper so more nitrous oxide is released which is 250 times worse. Due to demand of energy fossil fuels are burnt causing CO2 to be released and large areas of forests are cut down

Question 23

Factors that show climate is changing

Answer 23

The temperatures are significantly rising, top 10 warmest are in the 2000s. Artic ice has decreased to half the amount since 1979. Sea levels have risen by 210mm from 1870.

Question 24

How can we prepare and respond to a tropical cyclone

Answer 24

We can prepare by forcasting/tracking the storm. Warning and evacuating the area and building designs to withstand a storm surge. We can respond by sending rescue teams ,rebuilding the area and draining the water

Question 25

What was good and bad about the preparation in the usa

Answer 25

They built good defences, they started evacuation at a good time however the defences broke down eventually and many people were left behind

Question 26

What was good about the response in the usa

Answer 26

They sent the national guard to calm violance, sent in supplies, fixed defences and drain out the flooding

Question 27

What were the impacts on people

Answer 27

Over 1800 people killed, 300000 houses destroyed 3 million people were left without electricity, diseases spread through the water

Question 28

Impacts on environment

Answer 28

Flooding caused massive oil spills. Coastal conservations were destroyed. Coastal species struggled to survive

Question 29

Whats good and bad in preparation in myanmar

Answer 29

Waring went live 48 hours before the storm hit. The forest protected the land however it was cut down. They gave no instructions on evacuation. And took no aid

Question 30

What good and bad in response by myanmar

Answer 30

Aid was refused and trees were cut down more

Question 31

Impacts on people

Answer 31

140 000 people killed. 450 000 houses destroyed , 65% of rice farms destroyed and diseases spread by sanitary conditions

Question 32

Impacts on environment

Answer 32

38000 hectares destroyed, 14000 km of land flooded and the erosion of salt ruined farms and water bodies.