1.2

Question 1

Who are the three sources writing in 1.2?

Answer 1

thucydides, diodorus and plutarch

Question 2

when did thucydides live?

Answer 2

460 to 400

Question 3

why is thucydides a good source?

Answer 3

he was writing about events at the current time

Question 4

how long into the future did diodorus and plutarch live?

Answer 4

centuries later

Question 5

what does thucydides focus upon?

Answer 5

the conflict between athens and sparta including allies which began around 431

Question 6

when did the conflict between athens and sparta begin?

Answer 6

around 431BC

Question 7

what is this section of thucydides work also known as?

Answer 7

the pentecontaetia

Question 8

when does the pentecontaetia cover?

Answer 8

479 to 431

Question 9

how does thucydides explain the pentecontaetia?

Answer 9

as a way of explaining how athenian power grew after 479 in which the spartans felt compelled to go to war in 431

Question 10

why is diodorus’ work using ephorus bad?

Answer 10

ephorus organised his work around topic whereas diodorus does it chronologically - this is bad as he sometimes merges events in multiple years into one

Question 11

where was plutarch born?

Answer 11

somewhere in chaeronea in boetia

Question 12

when did plutarch die?

Answer 12

sometime around 120BC

Question 13

what background did plutarch have?

Answer 13

wealthy and well educated

Question 14

what is plutarch most famous for?

Answer 14

his work ‘parallel lives’ which compared famous greeks with famous romans

Question 15

what does plutarch focus upon?

Answer 15

his biographical style, focusing on character rather than detailed analysis

Question 16

where does thucydides work begin?

Answer 16

with the seige of sestos in 479BC

Question 17

what did the peloponnesians do after plataea and mycale?

Answer 17

they went home but troops from athens, ionia and the hellespont moved north to the persian stronghold of sestos

Question 18

what happened at the seige of sestos?

Answer 18

they were successful under the athenian leadership of xanthippus

Question 19

what caused tensions to rise between athens and sparta?

Answer 19

athens sought to rebuild their city including the walls

Question 20

which greek state had been the most powerful for the longest?

Answer 20

sparta

Question 21

how did sparta become the most powerful greek state?

Answer 21

by exerting control over most of the peloponnese

Question 22

what allowed sparta to exert so much control?

Answer 22

through the peloponnesian league

Question 23

what was the peloponnesian league?

Answer 23

an alliance of city-states inc island of aegina in the sardonic gulf and megara on the border of attica

Question 24

when did the league likely originate?

Answer 24

in the 550s

Question 25

what was the key principle of the peloponnesian league in relation to attacks?

Answer 25

that if any city of the league was attacked by a non-member, sparta was duty bound to aid

Question 26

what was the key principle of the peloponnesian league in relation to voting?

Answer 26

the league was bi-cameral (two voting blocks). one was the spartan assembly and the other was the collective states. if the spartans votes for either war or peace, for a vote to be passed, the rest of the congress had to be in majority favour

Question 27

what was the key principle of the peloponnesian league in relation to war?

Answer 27

if the league declared war then sparta was designated to become head and provide a commander

Question 28

why is the peloponnesian league so important?

Answer 28

it provided the base for the hellenic league

Question 29

how did athens also provide over the victory over the persians?

Answer 29

by supplying ships to the greek navy

Question 30

what did thucydides state about athenian power?

Answer 30

this worried spartas peloponnesian allies yet sparta itself didnt want a rival

Question 31

what is the story of themistocles trickery over the spartans?

Answer 31

in relation to athenians rebuilding their walls in 478BC - the walls were hastily built as shown in archaeological evidence

Question 32

what does thucydides say about themistocles at this point?

Answer 32

that he urged the athenians to rebuild their walls at the port of piraeus

Question 33

why is the port of piraeus important?

Answer 33

it allowed the athenians to always have access to the sea

Question 34

what is an archon?

Answer 34

a magistrate responsible for a key area of athenian government each year

Question 35

what were the long walls?

Answer 35

a key defensive strategy which joined athens to piraeus

Question 36

how far away from athens was the port of piraeus?

Answer 36

5 miles

Question 37

what else did the port of piraeus allow the athenians?

Answer 37

access to imports of food, and other goods in times of war

Question 38

when was the start of the distrust between athens and sparta?

Answer 38

when sparta learnt of the athenians rebuilding walls

Question 39

who asked the athenians to take command rather than the spartans?

Answer 39

the ionians

Question 40

why did the ionians want athens to take control?

Answer 40

they resented the way which sparta was treating them

Question 41

what did pausanias do when acting as regent?

Answer 41

subdued most of cyprus, then went to byzantium and had victory there

Question 42

what raises questions surrounding the spartan annoyance?

Answer 42

at how easily they allowed athens to take over command of the anti-persian alliance

Question 43

who gives more details about the greek allies falling out with pausanias?

Answer 43

plutarch

Question 44

who are the two athenians who both made efforts to form the new alliance?

Answer 44

Aristeides and cimon

Question 45

who was aristeides?

Answer 45

aristocratic athenian who was famous for his fairness

Question 46

what did aristeides organise?

Answer 46

was responsible for organising the amount of tribute each city paid to the delian league

Question 47

who was cimon?

Answer 47

aristocratic athenian who was military commander of the delian league in the early years of its creation

Question 48

when did aristeides die?

Answer 48

460BC

Question 49

who was cimon the son of?

Answer 49

Militiades

Question 50

who is described as the 'hero of marathon'?

Answer 50

cimon

Question 51

which other locations were key in the role to overthrow pausanias?

Answer 51

chios, lesbos and samos

Question 52

Who gave the name 'delian league'

Answer 52

modern historians, there wasnt an official name for it at the time

Question 53

when was the first meeting of the delian league?

Answer 53

spring of 477 at delos

Question 54

why is delos important?

Answer 54

sacred birthplace of apollo and artemis

Question 55

what was the initial task of the delian league?

Answer 55

to assess which cities would provide ships and which would provide money for the naval upkeep ('tribute')

Question 56

what does thucydides claim was the main aim of the leagues creation?

Answer 56

'to compensate themselves for their losses by ravaging the territory of the king of persia' 1.96

Question 57

what did the athenians say was the aim of the league?

Answer 57

intended to take revenge on the persians

Question 58

what was athens hidden agenda?

Answer 58

to build a naval empire

Question 59

what does thucydides say about the structure of the league?

Answer 59

the treasury was at delos but the athenians elected reps from their own body to manage it

Question 60

what is estimated to be the tribute given to the delian league at delos?

Answer 60

460 talents