12

Question 1

If a patient has rheumatic fever, splinter hemorrhages and slowly developing illness, what might they possibly have? What organism might they have?

Answer 1

bacteremia/endocarditis

streptococcus bovis

Question 2

T-F–streptococcus bovis is not found as normal flora in the human?

Answer 2

False

Question 3

T-F—streptococcus bovis is found as normal flora on our skin?

Answer 3

False–GI tract

Question 4

T-F–strep bovis causes gastrointestinal malignancy?

Answer 4

False–its actually not known whether or not it causes it or grows more heavily as a result of it.

Question 5

What percent of persons with colon polyps/colon cancer have S. bovis in the colon?

Answer 5

56%

Question 6

T-F–colon cancer patients have much higher percentages of enterococci than S. Bovis?

Answer 6

False–opposite is true.

Question 7

Why might s. bovis be found more in malignancies than enterococci?

Answer 7

increased virulence in comparison.

Question 8

What is S. bovis endocarditis characterized by?

Answer 8

large destructive lesions

Question 9

In the patient with S. bovis, what does the physician need to do for treatment?

Answer 9

antibiotics/supportive care

TEST FOR COLON CANCER!!!

Question 10

What bacteria is characterized by alpha hemolytic, catalase negative, optochin sensitive diplococci?

Answer 10

strep pneumoniae

Question 11

What are the key virulence factors of strep pneumoniae? [3]

Answer 11

• 85 serotypes of antiphagocytic polysacch. capsules
• pneumolysin
• IgA1 protease

Question 12

How is strep pneumoniae transmitted?

Answer 12

droplet infection

Question 13

T-F—s. pneumoniae is the number one cause of pneumonia?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What does s. pneumoniae need to combine with to be the most common cause of otitis media?

Answer 14

Haemophilus influenza

Question 15

What is the most common cause of meningitis?

Answer 15

strep. pneumoniae

Question 16

In the case of meningitis for strep pneumoniae what is the fatality rate reduced by?

Answer 16

anti-inflammatory corticosteroids with antibiotics.

[THIS DISEASE IS HIGHLY INFLAMMATORY]

Question 17

How can be prevent strep pneumoniae infections?

Answer 17

vaccinations against capsules

Question 18

What are the percentages of meningitis causes in neonates in the following infections?

• Group B strep
• E. coli
• Listeria monoctogenes
• Strep pneumoniae, Neisseria

Answer 18

• 40%
• 40%
• 10%
• 10%

Question 19

What is the most common cause of meningitis in young children 3 mo to 7 years?

Answer 19

Haemophilus influenza type b in unvaccinated children only

Question 20

What are the 2 most common causes of meningitis in older individuals?

Answer 20

strep pneumoniae

neisseria meningitidis

Question 21

What hemolysis category is viridans streptococci usually in? where is it found?

Answer 21

alpha-hemolytic

normal flora of throat

Question 22

What cause dental caries?

Answer 22

strep mutans

Question 23

How does the strep cause caries?

Answer 23

makes dextran polymer from sucrose metabolism and then demineralizes teeth from acid production

Question 24

Strep mutans are what type of anaerobes?

Answer 24

aerotolerant

Question 25

What percentage of infection endocarditis is caused by veridans streptococci? When does this normally occur?

Answer 25

35% | - normally occurs in persons with pre-existing myocardial damage

Question 26

T-F---enterococci used to be classified as streptococci?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What two enterococci are potentially highly antibiotic resistant even to vancomycin?

Answer 27

E. faecalis | E. Faecium

Question 28

What type of aerobe/anaerobe is enterococci?

Answer 28

aerotolerant anaerobes | [but can persist in nature for extended periods of time]

Question 29

Why do many strains of enterococci aggregate?

Answer 29

large molecular weight surface protein called aggregation substance binds to lipoteichoic acid

Question 30

What 3 bacterias aggregate to cause human disease?

Answer 30

staph aureus virdans strep enterococci

Question 31

In what people does enterococci cause disease?

Answer 31

immune compromised and in elderly

Question 32

What pathogen is sometimes called the end of life pathogen?

Answer 32

enterococci

Question 33

What major things does enterococci cause?

Answer 33

UTI sepsis 15% of infective endocarditis

Question 34

What is the major cause of infectious endocarditis? percentages?

Answer 34

staph aureus 45% Viridans strep 35% Enterococcus faecalis and faecium 15%

Question 35

T-F--enterococci can transfer antibiotic resistance to other gram positive bacteria?

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is the management protocol for infectious endocarditis?

Answer 36

antibiotics supportive care valve replacement manage other complications like stroke

Question 37

Is Strep bovis beta hemolytic?

Answer 37

No--non hemolytic or alpha hemolytic

Question 38

What hemolysis groups are enterococci?

Answer 38

non or Beta hemolysis due to cytolysin